Figure 2. Drawing shows the retropubic space (space of Retzius) viewed from above, with the bladder and vagina transected at a level just below the bladder, revealing the attachment of the vagina to the levator ani muscles. ATFP = arcus tendineus fascia pelvis, ATLA = arcus tendineus levator ani, LA = levator ani muscles, OIF = obturatorius internus fascia, PS = pubic symphysis, PVM = pubovesical muscle, PVP = periurethral vascular plexus, R = rectum, U = urethra, VLA = vaginolevator attachment, VW = vaginal wall. (Reprinted, with permission, from reference 6.)