Figure 16a. Multivoxel MR spectroscopic imaging in (a) a 62-year-old healthy volunteer and (b) an 80-year-old patient with AD. Sample spectra are shown from right temporal lobe (bottom left), left insula (top right) and left thalamus (bottom right). Note the increase in myo-inositol (Ino) and choline (Cho) levels and the decrease in NAA level (short arrows in b) in the right temporal lobe of the patient with AD, compared with those levels in the healthy volunteer, suggesting the presence of gliosis, increased membrane turnover, and neuronal loss in AD. (P)Cre = creatine and phosphocreatine. (Images courtesy of H. Cecil Charles, PhD, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.)