Figure 5: Left posterior temporooccipital region pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features in 20-year-old woman. Transverse functional MR images derived from series of T2*-weighted echo-planar MR images (2000/40, 24 x 24-cm field of view, 64 x 64 matrix, 5-mm section thickness, no intersection gap) are displayed as thresholded activation maps overlaid in red and yellow on a set of coplanar transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (3000/84, 24 x 24-cm field of view, 256 x 192 matrix, 5-mm section thickness, no intersection gap, echo train length of eight). Biopsy was planned because of lesion proximity to presumed receptive speech area. Left inferior frontal gyral activation (yellow arrows) is consistent with expressive speech area. Left superior temporal gyrus activation (white arrows) is consistent with dominant receptive speech area and is anterior and superior to left temporooccipital resection cavity, with small component (green arrow) within 1 cm anterior to T2 signal intensity abnormality at superior aspect of resection cavity. Imaging results helped plan surgical approach, and craniotomy with mapping and resection were performed. No postoperative neurologic deficits were documented.