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Radiology, Vol 157, 461-466, Copyright © 1985 by Radiological Society of North America

ARTICLES

Pulse sequence optimization for MR imaging using a paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent

WL Greif, RB Buxton, RB Lauffer, S Saini, DD Stark, VJ Wedeen, BR Rosen and TJ Brady

Paramagnetic agents enhance contrast between tissues in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by altering tissue relaxation times. The effect of these changes on MR image intensity depends in part on the choice of operator-controlled pulse sequence parameters. With the newly described paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent, iron(III) ethylenebis-(2- hydroxyphenylglycine), Fe(EHPG)-, an in vivo experimental analysis of pulse sequence optimization was performed on the rat. We compared the enhancement of the liver divided by background noise, EL/N, of standard inversion-recovery (IR) and spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted pulse sequences and several pulse sequences theoretically predicted to have improved EL/N. Optimization of the echo time (TE = TEmin) gave a substantial (greater than 60%) increase in EL/N over the standard IR and SE pulse sequences. Images obtained with optimized repetition rate and inversion time gave only a slight additional improvement. Within the uncertainties of our relaxation measurements, the measured changes in EL/N with pulse sequence optimization corresponded well with theoretical predictions. With the experimental and theoretical data, the importance of using a short echo time to obtain maximal T1 contrast in contrast-enhanced MR imaging and the relative merits of optimized SE versus IR pulse sequences for contrast-enhanced MR imaging are discussed.


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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. T. Ahrens, U. Rothbacher, R. E. Jacobs, and S. E. Fraser
A model for MRI contrast enhancement using T1 agents
PNAS, July 21, 1998; 95(15): 8443 - 8448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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