Radiology, Vol 191, 487-494, Copyright © 1994 by Radiological Society of North America

ARTICLES

Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: aggressive therapy with catheter- directed thrombolysis

CP Semba and MD Dake
Division of Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase in treating symptomatic iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with iliofemoral DVT underwent treatment for 27 affected limbs (acute DVT, n = 20; chronic DVT, n = 7). The average urokinase dose was 4.9 million IU (range, 1.4 million to 16.0 million IU) infused over an average of 30 hours (range, 15-74 hours). RESULTS: Lysis was complete in 18 (72%), partial in five (20%), and not achieved in two (8%) of 25 treated limbs. Two chronically occluded iliac veins could not be crossed with a guide wire and did not receive urokinase. Sixteen limbs had underlying venous stenoses (> 50%) that were treated with angioplasty (n = 2) or angioplasty and stent placement (n = 14). There were no major complications or clinically detectable pulmonary emboli. The technical and clinical success rates were 85%. CONCLUSION: This initial experience suggests that catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase for treatment of symptomatic iliofemoral DVT is safe and effective.

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