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Prostate Cancer Tumor Grade Differentiation with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in the Rat: Comparison of Macromolecular and Small-Molecular Contrast Media-Preliminary Experience¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Contrast Media Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0628, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628. Received October 6, 1998; revision requested December 14; revision received December 28; accepted April 8, 1999. Address reprint requests to R.C.B.

PURPOSE: To differentiate prostate cancers of different histopathologic grades with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Results with a conventional small-molecular contrast medium (CM) were compared to those with a prototypic macromolecular CM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: High- and low-grade tumors, sublines of the Dunning R3327 rat prostate cancer line, were subcutaneously implanted into the flanks of 12 male Copenhagen rats. Dynamic contrast material–enhanced MR imaging was performed with small-molecular CM and macromolecular CM at an interval of 1 day. Microvascular permeability, as estimated with the endothelial transfer coefficient, and fractional plasma volume were calculated for each tumor and each CM by means of a two-compartmental, bidirectional kinetic model.

RESULTS: Mean endothelial transfer coefficient values for both macromolecular CM and small-molecular CM were significantly different between the two tumor sublines (P = .0004 and P = .01, respectively). For the high- and low-grade tumors, no overlap of values was seen with macromolecular CM, but a broad overlap was seen with small-molecular CM despite a significant difference in mean values.

CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging permits differentiation of histopathologic prostatic tumor types. Quantitative microvascular permeability characteristics estimated from macromolecular CM–enhanced data were significantly superior to those derived from small-molecular CM–enhanced data.

Index terms: Gadolinium • Magnetic resonance (MR), contrast media, 844.121412, 844.12143 • Prostate, MR, 844.121412, 844.12143 • Prostate, neoplasms,844.32

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