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Hyperoxia-induced Diffuse Alveolar Damage in Pigs: Correlation between Thin-Section CT and Histopathologic Findings¹

¹ From the First Dept of Internal Medicine (K. Ichikado, M.S., Y.G., K. Iyonaga, M.A.) and Dept of Radiology (T.Y., S.T., M.T.), Kumamoto Univ School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan; Depts of Radiology (T.J., O.H.) and Internal Medicine (Y.S.), Osaka Univ Medical School, Japan; Dept of Radiology, Kyoto Univ Hosp Shogoin, Japan (H.I.); Dept of Radiology, Ehime Univ Medical School, Japan (J.I.); and Dept of Radiology, Vancouver Hosp and Health Sciences Centre and Univ of British Columbia, Canada (N.L.M.). From the 1997 RSNA scientific assembly. Received Jul 16, 1999; revision requested Aug 26; revision received Oct 14; accepted Oct 26. Address correspondence to K. Ichikado (e-mail: ichikado@kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp).

PURPOSE: To determine whether lung abnormalities at thin-section computed tomography (CT) in experimental hyperoxic lung injury correlate with the pathologic phases of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen juvenile pigs were exposed to more than 80% oxygen—for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 hours—or room air in sealed cages. Their removed lungs were inflated with air infused through the trachea and examined with thin-section CT. Two independent observers, without knowledge of the exposure times, compared 63 areas selected on the CT scans with the corresponding pathologic and histologic findings, which were evaluated independently by two pathologists.

RESULTS: CT findings correlated well with histologic findings ( = 0.86, P < .001), which corresponded to the pathologic phases of DAD. All areas of normal CT attenuation, eight of nine spared regions within areas of opacity, and two of 15 areas of ground-glass opacity corresponded to the early exudative pathologic phase of DAD. All areas that showed traction bronchiolectasis at CT corresponded to the early proliferative pathologic phase. There was good observer agreement regarding the interpretation of CT findings ( statistic, >0.60) and histologic results (0.70).

CONCLUSION: Thin-section CT findings reflect the pathologic phases of DAD, although the early exudative phase cannot be specifically depicted by thin-section CT. Traction bronchiolectasis on a CT scan suggests progression to the proliferative phase.

Index terms: Animals • Computed tomography (CT), thin-section, 60.12111, 60.12118 • Lung, CT, 60.12111, 60.12118 • Lung, diseases, 60.26, 60.4133, 60.916 • Respiratory distress syndrome, adult (ARDS), 60.4133

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