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Musculoskeletal Imaging |
1 From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (C.D.C.) and Radiology (J.S.G., M.G.P., P.A.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor Bldg, 6th Floor, Rm 606, Baltimore, MD 21205; and the Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa (F.E.B.). From the 1999 RSNA scientific assembly. Received May 25, 1999; revision requested July 22; final revision received October 12; accepted October 21. C.D.C. and J.S.G supported in part and P.A.B. supported by National Institutes of Health grant RO1 HL61695. C.D.C. and F.E.B. funded partially through the Whitaker Foundation. Address correspondence to C.D.C. (e-mail: constant@bme.jhu.edu).
PURPOSE: To use sodium 23 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantify noninvasively total sodium in human muscle and to apply the technique in exercise and musculoskeletal disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total [Na] sodium was determined from the ratio of the relaxation-corrected 23Na signal intensities measured from short echo-time (0.4 msec) 23Na images to those from an external saline solution reference. The method was validated with the blinded use of saline solutions of varying sodium concentrations. [Na] was measured in the calf muscles in 10 healthy volunteers. 23Na MR imaging also was performed in two healthy subjects after exercise, two patients with myotonic dystrophy, and two patients with osteoarthritis.
RESULTS: 23Na MR imaging yielded a total [Na] value of 28.4 mmol/kg of wet weight ± 3.6 (SD) in normal muscle, consistent with prior biopsy data. Spatial resolution was 0.22 mL, with signal-to-noise ratio of 10–15. Mean signal intensity elevations were 16% and 22% after exercise and 47% and 70% in dystrophic muscles compared with those at normal resting levels. In osteoarthritis, mean signal intensity reductions were 36% and 15% compared with those in unaffected knee joints.
CONCLUSION: 23Na MR imaging can be used to quantify total [Na] in human muscle. The technique may facilitate understanding of the role of the sodium-potassium pump and perfusion in normal and diseased muscle.
Index terms: Arthritis, degenerative, 452.77 • Cartilage, MR, 452.121412, 452.12145 • Magnetic resonance (MR), sodium studies, 45.121412, 45.12145 • Magnetic resonance (MR), spectroscopy, three-dimensional, 45.12145 • Muscles, diseases, 45.831 • Muscles, MR, 45.121412, 45.12145
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