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Experimental Studies |
1 From the Department of Radiology (J.P.M., J.M.B., C.D.J., S.Z.); Comparative Pathology Laboratory (S.M.G.); and Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology (P.D.S.); University of California–Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y St, Ste 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817. Received August 31, 1999; revision requested October 12; final revision received February 18, 2000; accepted February 28. J.P.M. supported by a grant from RadioTherapeutics, Mountain View, Calif. Address correspondence to J.P.M. (e-mail: john.mcgahan@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu).
PURPOSE: To establish the size, configuration, and histopathologic features of acute, subacute, and chronic radio-frequency (RF) electrocautery of mammary tissue in swine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen RF treatments were performed in the mammary tissue of three domestic swine under ultrasonographic (US) guidance. Histopathologic examination was performed immediately after (acute animal); 2 weeks after (subacute animal); and 4 weeks after (chronic animal) treatment.
RESULTS: In the acute animal, lesions were firm nodules on palpation and had a distinct line of demarcation between necrotic and viable mammary tissue (mean lesion volume, 14.24 cm3; largest volume, 29.06 cm3). In the subacute animal, there was diffuse coagulation necrosis with neutrophilic infiltrates at the periphery (mean lesion volume, 6.46 cm3; largest volume, 9.47 cm3), and two treatment areas had a secondary bacterial infection. In the chronic animal, lesions were still palpable and firm (mean lesion volume, 11.67 cm3; largest volume, 25.5 cm3), and five of six treatment sites had an area of gray to white fibrotic tissue that blended with the surrounding tissue. However, one site had a pale yellow area of central necrosis surrounded by a fibrotic area. In both the subacute and chronic animals, two and one treatment site, respectively, had minimal areas of skin necrosis.
CONCLUSION: RF ablation of breast tissue is feasible in this animal model. Problems included minimal skin erythema, residual firm treatment regions at 4 weeks, slightly variable margins of coagulation necrosis, and occasional bacterial infection.
Index terms: Animals • Breast, US, 00.1299 • Breast neoplasms, experimental studies, 00.1299 • Radiofrequency (RF) ablation, 00.1299
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