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Frequency and CT Findings of Recurrent Disease after Lung Transplantation¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology (J.C., M.J.H.) and Pathology (T.F.W.), University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252; and the Departments of Radiology at the University of British Columbia Centre for Health Sciences, Vancouver, Canada (N.L.M.); University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (E.A.K.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (H.P.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.M.S.); and University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (L.A.P.). Received August 19, 2000; revision requested September 26; revision received October 24; accepted November 1. Address correspondence to J.C. (e-mail: jcollin4@facstaff.wisc.edu).

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and computed tomographic (CT) findings of recurrence of the primary disease after lung transplantation at six North American lung transplantation centers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 1,394 lung transplant recipients were reviewed to identify patients with recurrent primary disease. Their CT scans and pathologic specimens were reviewed.

RESULTS: The frequency of disease recurrence in the six transplantation centers was 1% (15 of 1,394 patients), including six previously reported cases. Sarcoidosis recurred in nine (35%) of 26 transplants and was the most common disease to recur. Three (33%) of nine patients with recurrent sarcoidosis had correlative findings at CT. When present, CT findings were usually different at recurrence compared with pretransplantation CT findings.

CONCLUSION: A relatively small percentage of patients are at risk for recurrence of primary disease following lung transplantation. Sarcoidosis is the most common disease to recur.

Index terms: Bronchiolitis obliterans, 60.2191 • Histiocytosis, 60.66 • Lung, CT, 60.1211 • Lung, transplantation, 60.458 • Lymphangiomyomatosis, 99.829 • Proteinosis, pulmonary alveolar, 60.791 • Sarcoidosis • Talc, 60.775

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