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Free-breathing Cardiac MR Imaging: Study of Implications of Respiratory Motion—Initial Results¹

¹ From the Department of Magnetic Resonance, Technical Systems Research Division, Philips Research Laboratories, Roentgenstrasse 24-26, D-22315 Hamburg, Germany (K.N., P.B.); Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Karlsruhe, Germany (D.M.); and Department of Radiology, München-Solln am Martha-Maria Krankenhaus, Munich, Germany (J.C.B.). Received December 13, 2000; revision requested January 18, 2001; revision received February 22; accepted March 23. Supported in part by project grant BO 866/3-1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Address correspondence to K.N. (e-mail: kay.nehrke@philips.com).

The respiratory motion of several anatomic regions (right hemidiaphragm, left ventricle of the heart, chest wall, abdominal wall) was investigated during free breathing in 10 healthy volunteers by using multinavigator technology and real-time magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The respiratory motion shows hysteretic effects, which are strongly subject dependent and might have some effect on the quality of cardiac MR images.

Index terms: Coronary vessels, MR, 54.121412, 54.12144 • Diaphragm, MR, 54.121412, 569.12144 • Heart, MR, 54.121412, 51.12144