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Pediatric Imaging |
1 From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110. Received October 23, 2000; revision requested December 12; revision received February 12, 2001; accepted March 9. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant P50-NS06833. Address correspondence to P.M. (e-mail: mukherjeep@mir.wustl.edu).
PURPOSE: To characterize the maturational changes in water diffusion within central gray matter nuclei and central white matter pathways of the human brain by using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of normal MR examination findings in 153 subjects (age range, 1 day to 11 years) referred for clinical neuroimaging was performed. All studies included diffusion tensor-encoded echo-planar MR imaging. Isotropic diffusion coefficient (
) and diffusion anisotropy (A
) were measured in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus.
RESULTS: exhibited biexponential decay with age in gray and white matter regions, except for monoexponential decay in the genu of the corpus callosum. There was a steep nonlinear increase of A in white matter tracts that paralleled the time course of the decline in . In basal ganglia, only a small linear increase in A was observed in patients. A changes in the thalamus were intermediate between basal ganglia and white matter structures.
CONCLUSION: Changes in magnitude and anisotropy of water diffusion follow stereotypical time courses during brain development that can be empirically described with multiexponential regression models, which suggests that quantitative scalar parameters derived from diffusion-tensor MR imaging may provide clinically useful developmental milestones for brain maturity. Supplemental material: radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2212001702/DC1.
Index terms: Anisotropy • Brain, diffusion, 10.12144 • Brain, growth and development, 10.92 • Brain, MR, 10.121411, 10.12144 • Children, central nervous system • Diffusion tensor • Magnetic resonance (MR), diffusion study, 10.12144, 10.92
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