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Published online before print September 24, 2001, 10.1148/radiol.2212010446
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(Radiology. 2001;221:447-454.)
© RSNA, 2001


Vascular and Interventional Radiology

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Percutaneous Radio-frequency Ablation: Evaluation with Follow-up Multiphase Helical CT1

Hyo K. Lim, MD, Dongil Choi, MD, Won Jae Lee, MD, Seung Hoon Kim, MD, Soon Jin Lee, MD, Hyun-Jung Jang, MD, Ju-Hyun Lee, MD, Jae Hoon Lim, MD and In Wook Choo, MD

1 From the Department of Radiology and Gastrointestinal Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea. Received February 12, 2001; revision requested March 28; revision received May 1; accepted May 15. Supported in part by clinical research fund GI-00-07 of Gastrointestinal Center, Samsung Medical Center. Address correspondence to H.K.L. (e-mail: hklim@smc.samsung.co.kr).

PURPOSE: To determine serial changes in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) treated with percutaneous radio-frequency (RF) ablation at long-term follow-up multiphase helical computed tomography (CT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 43 nodular HCCs in 40 patients at follow-up CT performed not less than 12 months after RF ablation. All patients underwent follow-up multiphase helical CT immediately, 1 month, and then every 3 months after percutaneous RF ablation. The serial changes in attenuation, enhancement pattern, shape, other findings, and volume of the ablated lesions were analyzed at follow-up CT.

RESULTS: Thirty-eight (88%) of 43 ablated lesions were of low attenuation, with absence of contrast material enhancement at immediate and 1-month follow-up CT, which is suggestive of successful treatment. The remaining five lesions (12%) showed peripheral nodular enhancement, suggesting residual viable tumor. Compared with volume changes at immediate follow-up CT, the mean percentages of volume change at 1, 4, 10, 16, and 19 months were 79%, 50%, 27%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. Of 43 ablated lesions, 24 (56%) were mostly round at immediate CT and remained unchanged at subsequent follow-up CT. Peripheral rim enhancement was seen in 34 (79%) of 43 lesions at immediate CT but resolved in all 34 lesions at 1-month follow-up CT. Other associated findings included iatrogenic arteriovenous shunt in 10 patients, perihepatic hemorrhage in three, and pneumothorax in one.

CONCLUSION: Follow-up multiphase helical CT of HCCs treated with percutaneous RF ablation showed variable findings in the treated lesions and surrounding liver parenchyma.

Index terms: Computed tomography (CT), helical, 761.12115 • Liver neoplasms, CT, 761.12111, 761.12112, 761.12115 • Liver neoplasms, therapy, 761.1269, 761.323 • Radiofrequency (RF) ablation, 761.1269




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