Radiology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Published online before print February 1, 2002, 10.1148/radiol.2223010766
This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
2223010766v1
222/3/629    most recent
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Caoili, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Raghupathi, K. I.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Caoili, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Raghupathi, K. I.
(Radiology 2002;222:629-633.)
© RSNA, 2002

Genitourinary Imaging

Adrenal Masses: Characterization with Combined Unenhanced and Delayed Enhanced CT1

Elaine M. Caoili, MD, Melvyn Korobkin, MD, Isaac R. Francis, MD, Richard H. Cohan, MD, Joel F. Platt, MD, N. Reed Dunnick, MD and Kartik I. Raghupathi, BS

1 From the Department of Radiology (E.M.C., M.K., I.R.F., R.H.C., J.F.P., N.R.D.) and Consortium for Health Outcomes, Innovation, and Cost Effectiveness Studies (K.I.R.), University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-9723. From the 2000 RSNA scientific assembly. Received April 9, 2001; revision requested April 30; final revision received October 3; accepted October 9. Address correspondence to E.M.C. (e-mail: caoili@umich.edu).

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of a dedicated adrenal computed tomographic (CT) protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-six adrenal masses were evaluated with a protocol consisting of unenhanced CT, and, for those with attenuation values greater than 10 HU, contrast material–enhanced and delayed enhanced CT. Attenuation values and enhancement washout calculations were obtained. An adenoma was diagnosed if a mass had an attenuation value of 10 HU or less at unenhanced CT or a percentage enhancement washout value of 60% or higher.

RESULTS: The final diagnosis was adenoma in 127 masses and nonadenoma in 39. Masses measuring more than 10 HU on unenhanced CT scans were confirmed at biopsy (n = 28) or were examined for stability or change in size at follow-up CT performed at a minimum interval of 6 months (n = 33). Thirty-six (92%) of 39 nonadenomas and 124 (98%) of 127 adenomas were correctly characterized. The sensitivity and specificity of this protocol were 98% and 92%, respectively. This protocol correctly characterized 160 (96%) of 166 masses.

CONCLUSION: With a combination of unenhanced and delayed enhanced CT, nearly all adrenal masses can be correctly categorized as adenomas or nonadenomas.

© RSNA, 2002

Index terms: Adrenal gland, CT, 86.12111, 86.12113, 86.12114 • Adrenal gland, neoplasms, 86.317, 86.33 • Computed tomography (CT), contrast enhancement, 86.12113, 86.12114




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. Mahadevia, A. Rozenblit, D. Milikow, and A. Marinovich
Renal-Adrenal Fusion: Instance of an Adrenal Adenoma Mimicking a Solid Renal Mass at CT--Case Report
Radiology, June 1, 2009; 251(3): 808 - 812.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
R. Tappouni and L. DeJohn
AJR Teaching File: Enlarging Adrenal Mass Previously Characterized as an Adenoma
Am. J. Roentgenol., June 1, 2009; 192(6_Supplement): S125 - S127.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Groussin, G. Bonardel, S. Silvera, F. Tissier, J. Coste, G. Abiven, R. Libe, M. Bienvenu, J.-L. Alberini, S. Salenave, et al.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for the Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Tumors: A Prospective Study in 77 Operated Patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2009; 94(5): 1713 - 1722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
G. W. L. Boland, M. A. Blake, N. S. Holalkere, and P. F. Hahn
PET/CT for the Characterization of Adrenal Masses in Patients with Cancer: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Accuracy in 150 Consecutive Patients
Am. J. Roentgenol., April 1, 2009; 192(4): 956 - 962.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
P. L. Choyke
Commentary on "Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Disease" and "Nonfunctioning Adrenal Masses: Incidental Discovery on Computed Tomography"
Am. J. Roentgenol., March 1, 2009; 192(3): 568 - 570.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
C. Fagour, S. Bardet, V. Rohmer, Y. Arimone, P. Lecomte, N. Valli, and A. Tabarin
Usefulness of adrenal scintigraphy in the follow-up of adrenocortical incidentalomas: a prospective multicenter study
Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2009; 160(2): 257 - 264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M.-L. Nunes, S. Vattaut, J.-B. Corcuff, A. Rault, H. Loiseau, B. Gatta, N. Valli, L. Letenneur, and A. Tabarin
Late-Night Salivary Cortisol for Diagnosis of Overt and Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome in Hospitalized and Ambulatory Patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2009; 94(2): 456 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
T. Kamiyama, Y. Fukukura, T. Yoneyama, K. Takumi, and M. Nakajo
Distinguishing Adrenal Adenomas from Nonadenomas: Combined Use of Diagnostic Parameters of Unenhanced and Short 5-minute Dynamic Enhanced CT Protocol
Radiology, February 1, 2009; 250(2): 474 - 481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
J C Miller, M A Blake, and G W L Boland
Definitive characterisation of adrenal lesions
BMJ, January 19, 2009; 338(jan19_1): a3092 - a3092.
[Full Text]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
G. W. L. Boland, M. A. Blake, P. F. Hahn, and W. W. Mayo-Smith
Incidental Adrenal Lesions: Principles, Techniques, and Algorithms for Imaging Characterization
Radiology, December 1, 2008; 249(3): 756 - 775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
P K Singh and H N Buch
Adrenal incidentaloma: evaluation and management
J. Clin. Pathol., November 1, 2008; 61(11): 1168 - 1173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadioGraphicsHome page
K. P. Daly, C. P. Ho, D. L. Persson, and S. B. Gay
Traumatic Retroperitoneal Injuries: Review of Multidetector CT Findings
RadioGraphics, October 1, 2008; 28(6): 1571 - 1590.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
L. M. Ho, E. K. Paulson, M. J. Brady, T. Z. Wong, and S. T. Schindera
Lipid-Poor Adenomas on Unenhanced CT: Does Histogram Analysis Increase Sensitivity Compared with a Mean Attenuation Threshold?
Am. J. Roentgenol., July 1, 2008; 191(1): 234 - 238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
J. H. Song, F. S. Chaudhry, and W. W. Mayo-Smith
The Incidental Adrenal Mass on CT: Prevalence of Adrenal Disease in 1,049 Consecutive Adrenal Masses in Patients with No Known Malignancy
Am. J. Roentgenol., May 1, 2008; 190(5): 1163 - 1168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. F. Faria, S. M. Goldman, J. Szejnfeld, H. Melo, C. Kater, P. Kenney, M. P. Huayllas, G. Demarchi, V. V. Francisco, C. Andreoni, et al.
Adrenal Masses: Characterization with in Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy Initial Experience
Radiology, December 1, 2007; 245(3): 788 - 797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
J. H. Song, F. S. Chaudhry, and W. W. Mayo-Smith
The Incidental Indeterminate Adrenal Mass on CT (> 10 H) in Patients Without Cancer: Is Further Imaging Necessary? Follow-Up of 321 Consecutive Indeterminate Adrenal Masses
Am. J. Roentgenol., November 1, 2007; 189(5): 1119 - 1123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
I. Ilias, A. Sahdev, R. H Reznek, A. B Grossman, and K. Pacak
The optimal imaging of adrenal tumours: a comparison of different methods
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2007; 14(3): 587 - 599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadioGraphicsHome page
S. M. Patel, R. K. Lingam, T. I. Beaconsfield, T. L. Tran, and B. Brown
Role of Radiology in the Management of Primary Aldosteronism
RadioGraphics, July 1, 2007; 27(4): 1145 - 1157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
B. K. Park, C. K. Kim, B. Kim, and J. H. Lee
Comparison of Delayed Enhanced CT and Chemical Shift MR for Evaluating Hyperattenuating Incidental Adrenal Masses
Radiology, June 1, 2007; 243(3): 760 - 765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadioGraphicsHome page
A. B. Elaini, S. K. Shetty, V. M. Chapman, D. V. Sahani, G. W. Boland, A. T. Sweeney, M. M. Maher, J. T. Slattery, P. R. Mueller, and M. A. Blake
Improved Detection and Characterization of Adrenal Disease with PET-CT
RadioGraphics, May 1, 2007; 27(3): 755 - 767.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. Fogel, M. A. Blake, M. K. Kalra, A. T. Sweeney, B. C. Lucey, M. M. Maher, D. V. Sahani, P. R. Mueller, P. F. Hahn, and G. W. Boland
A 10-minute CT Protocol for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Adrenal Masses
Radiology, March 1, 2007; 242(3): 947 - 948.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
K. S. Jhaveri, F. Wong, S. Ghai, and M. A. Haider
Comparison of CT histogram analysis and chemical shift MRI in the characterization of indeterminate adrenal nodules.
Am. J. Roentgenol., November 1, 2006; 187(5): 1303 - 1308.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
J. K. Yoon, E. M. Remer, and B. R. Herts
Incidental pheochromocytoma mimicking adrenal adenoma because of rapid contrast enhancement loss.
Am. J. Roentgenol., November 1, 2006; 187(5): 1309 - 1311.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadioGraphicsHome page
M. A. Blake, A. Singh, B. N. Setty, J. Slattery, M. Kalra, M. M. Maher, D. V. Sahani, A. J. Fischman, and P. R. Mueller
Pearls and Pitfalls in Interpretation of Abdominal and Pelvic PET-CT
RadioGraphics, September 1, 2006; 26(5): 1335 - 1353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
P. F. Hahn, M. A. Blake, and G. W. L. Boland
Adrenal Lesions: Attenuation Measurement Differences between CT Scanners
Radiology, August 1, 2006; 240(2): 458 - 463.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
E. M. Remer, G. A. Motta-Ramirez, L. B. Shepardson, A. H. Hamrahian, and B. R. Herts
CT histogram analysis in pathologically proven adrenal masses.
Am. J. Roentgenol., July 1, 2006; 187(1): 191 - 196.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
J. M. A. Slattery, M. A. Blake, M. K. Kalra, J. Misdraji, A. T. Sweeney, P. M. Copeland, P. R. Mueller, and G. W. Boland
Adrenocortical carcinoma: contrast washout characteristics on CT.
Am. J. Roentgenol., July 1, 2006; 187(1): W21 - W24.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. Allolio and M. Fassnacht
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Clinical Update
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2027 - 2037.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. A. Blake, J. M. A. Slattery, M. K. Kalra, E. F. Halpern, A. J. Fischman, P. R. Mueller, and G. W. Boland
Adrenal Lesions: Characterization with Fused PET/CT Image in Patients with Proved or Suspected Malignancy--Initial Experience
Radiology, March 1, 2006; 238(3): 970 - 977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNMHome page
U. Metser, E. Miller, H. Lerman, G. Lievshitz, S. Avital, and E. Even-Sapir
18F-FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Adrenal Masses
J. Nucl. Med., January 1, 2006; 47(1): 32 - 37.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
B. Happel, G. Heinz-Peer, D. H. Szolar, and M. T. Korobkin
Enhancement Characteristics of Pheochromocytomas
Radiology, January 1, 2006; 238(1): 373 - 374.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. A. Blake, M. K. Kalra, A. T. Sweeney, B. C. Lucey, M. M. Maher, D. V. Sahani, E. F. Halpern, P. R. Mueller, P. F. Hahn, and G. W. Boland
Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Adrenal Masses: Multi-Detector Row CT Protocol with 10-Minute Delay
Radiology, December 21, 2005; (2005) 2382041514.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
Y. J. Jeong, K. S. Lee, S. Y. Jeong, M. J. Chung, S. S. Shim, H. Kim, O J. Kwon, and S. Kim
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Characterization with Combined Wash-in and Washout Features at Dynamic Multi-Detector Row CT
Radiology, November 1, 2005; 237(2): 675 - 683.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
R Nawar and D Aron
Adrenal incidentalomas -- a continuing management dilemma
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2005; 12(3): 585 - 598.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. H. Hamrahian, A. G. Ioachimescu, E. M. Remer, G. Motta-Ramirez, H. Bogabathina, H. S. Levin, S. Reddy, I. S. Gill, A. Siperstein, and E. L. Bravo
Clinical Utility of Noncontrast Computed Tomography Attenuation Value (Hounsfield Units) to Differentiate Adrenal Adenomas/Hyperplasias from Nonadenomas: Cleveland Clinic Experience
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 871 - 877.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
D. H. Szolar, M. Korobkin, P. Reittner, A. Berghold, T. Bauernhofer, H. Trummer, H. Schoellnast, K. W. Preidler, and H. Samonigg
Adrenocortical Carcinomas and Adrenal Pheochromocytomas: Mass and Enhancement Loss Evaluation at Delayed Contrast-enhanced CT
Radiology, February 1, 2005; 234(2): 479 - 485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNMHome page
R. Kumar, Y. Xiu, J. Q. Yu, A. Takalkar, G. El-Haddad, S. Potenta, J. Kung, H. Zhuang, and A. Alavi
18F-FDG PET in Evaluation of Adrenal Lesions in Patients with Lung Cancer
J. Nucl. Med., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 2058 - 2062.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadioGraphicsHome page
M. A. Blake, M. K. Kalra, M. M. Maher, D. V. Sahani, A. T. Sweeney, P. R. Mueller, P. F. Hahn, and G. W. Boland
Pheochromocytoma: An Imaging Chameleon
RadioGraphics, October 1, 2004; 24(suppl_1): S87 - S99.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
K. Pacak, G. Eisenhofer, and D. S. Goldstein
Functional Imaging of Endocrine Tumors: Role of Positron Emission Tomography
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2004; 25(4): 568 - 580.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
G. M. Israel, M. Korobkin, C. Wang, E. N. Hecht, and G. A. Krinsky
Comparison of Unenhanced CT and Chemical Shift MRI in Evaluating Lipid-Rich Adrenal Adenomas
Am. J. Roentgenol., July 1, 2004; 183(1): 215 - 219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
R. D. Nawfel, P. F. Judy, A. R. Schleipman, and S. G. Silverman
Patient Radiation Dose at CT Urography and Conventional Urography
Radiology, July 1, 2004; 232(1): 126 - 132.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. A. Haider, S. Ghai, K. Jhaveri, and G. Lockwood
Chemical Shift MR Imaging of Hyperattenuating (>10 HU) Adrenal Masses: Does It Still Have a Role?
Radiology, June 1, 2004; 231(3): 711 - 716.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
G. Mansmann, J. Lau, E. Balk, M. Rothberg, Y. Miyachi, and S. R. Bornstein
The Clinically Inapparent Adrenal Mass: Update in Diagnosis and Management
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2004; 25(2): 309 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
S. D. Paulsen, H. V. Nghiem, M. Korobkin, E. M. Caoili, and E. J. Higgins
Changing Role of Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Adrenal Masses: Evaluation of 50 Adrenal Biopsies
Am. J. Roentgenol., April 1, 2004; 182(4): 1033 - 1037.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
A. Stadler, W. Schima, G. Prager, P. Homolka, G. Heinz, S. Saini, E. Eisenhuber, and B. Niederle
CT Density Measurements for Characterization of Adrenal Tumors Ex Vivo: Variability Among Three CT Scanners
Am. J. Roentgenol., March 1, 2004; 182(3): 671 - 675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
A. I. Rana, P. J. Kenney, M. E. Lockhart, G. McGwin Jr, D. E. Morgan, S. T. Windham III, and J. K. Smith
Adrenal Gland Hematomas in Trauma Patients
Radiology, March 1, 2004; 230(3): 669 - 675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Ilias and K. Pacak
Current Approaches and Recommended Algorithm for the Diagnostic Localization of Pheochromocytoma
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2004; 89(2): 479 - 491.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
M. A. Blake, S. K. Krishnamoorthy, G. W. Boland, A. T. Sweeney, M. B. Pitman, M. Harisinghani, P. R. Mueller, and P. F. Hahn
Low-Density Pheochromocytoma on CT: A Mimicker of Adrenal Adenoma
Am. J. Roentgenol., December 1, 2003; 181(6): 1663 - 1668.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
K. T. Bae, P. Fuangtharnthip, S. R. Prasad, B. N. Joe, and J. P. Heiken
Adrenal Masses: CT Characterization with Histogram Analysis Method
Radiology, September 1, 2003; 228(3): 735 - 742.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
W. W. Mayo-Smith, E. M. Caoili, and M. Korobkin
CT Characterization of Adrenal Masses * Drs Caoili and Korobkin respond:
Radiology, January 1, 2003; 226(1): 289 - 290.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
N. R. Dunnick
Answer
Am. J. Roentgenol., November 1, 2002; 179 (5): 1344 - 1344.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
N. R. Dunnick and M. Korobkin
Imaging of Adrenal Incidentalomas: Current Status
Am. J. Roentgenol., September 1, 2002; 179(3): 559 - 568.
[Full Text] [PDF]