HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Yoon, H.-C. Articles by Goldin, J. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Yoon, H.-C. Articles by Goldin, J. G.

Calcium Begets Calcium: Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Subjects¹

¹ From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Kaiser Moanalua Medical Center, 3288 Moanalua Rd, Honolulu, HI 96819 (H.C.Y.); and Departments of Radiological Sciences (A.M.E., J.A.H., J.G.G.) and Biomathematics (D.W.G.), UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif. From the 2000 RSNA scientific assembly. Received July 12, 2001; revision requested September 10; revision received November 15; accepted December 20. Address correspondence to H.C.Y. (e-mail: Hyo-Chun.Yoon@kp.org).

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that the rate of coronary artery calcium progression is sex specific, namely, that it is greater in men than in women, and that it is age related, particularly in women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of the progression of coronary artery calcium in 217 consecutive asymptomatic subjects who underwent at least two electron-beam computed tomographic studies of the heart. Calcium in the distribution of the epicardial arteries was quantified by using both the conventional coronary artery calcium score (CCS) and the calcium volume score (CVS). Linear regression models were used to judge the joint influence of various risk factors, including sex and age, on rates of coronary artery calcium progression.

RESULTS: This study included 103 women and 114 men. The mean interval between the subjects’ first and last studies was 25 months ± 11 (SD). Regression analyses clearly demonstrated that the amount of coronary artery calcium present at the initial study was the most important determinant of calcium progression. This was true when coronary artery calcium was quantified by using the conventional CCS (P < .001) or CVS (P < .001). Neither sex nor age was a significant predictor of coronary artery calcium progression. Among traditional risk factors, only hypertension (P = .02) and diabetes (P = .01) were significant independent factors for calcium progression.

CONCLUSION: In asymptomatic subjects, the initial CCS and CVS were the most important factors that affected rate of coronary artery calcium progression. Neither age nor sex was as important as these factors in determination of coronary artery calcium progression.

© RSNA, 2002

Index terms: Arteriosclerosis, 54.76 • Computed tomography (CT), electron beam, 54.1211 • Coronary vessels, calcification, 54.812

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Sarwar, J. Rieber, E. A. Q. Mooyaart, S. K. Seneviratne, S. L. Houser, F. Bamberg, O. C. Raffel, R. Gupta, M. K. Kalra, H. Pien, et al. Calcified Plaque: Measurement of Area at Thin-Section Flat-Panel CT and 64-Section Multidetector CT and Comparison with Histopathologic Findings Radiology, August 18, 2008; (2008) 2483072003. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. V. Anand, E. Lim, D. Darko, P. Bassett, D. Hopkins, D. Lipkin, R. Corder, and A. Lahiri Determinants of Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Glycemic Control and Inflammatory/Vascular Calcification Markers J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 4, 2007; 50(23): 2218 - 2225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Kronmal, R. L. McClelland, R. Detrano, S. Shea, J. A. Lima, M. Cushman, D. E. Bild, and G. L. Burke Risk Factors for the Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Subjects: Results From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Circulation, May 29, 2007; 115(21): 2722 - 2730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Messika-Zeitoun, L. F. Bielak, P. A. Peyser, P. F. Sheedy, S. T. Turner, V. T. Nkomo, J. F. Breen, J. Maalouf, C. Scott, A. J. Tajik, et al. Aortic Valve Calcification: Determinants and Progression in the Population Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2007; 27(3): 642 - 648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Greenland, R. O. Bonow, B. H. Brundage, M. J. Budoff, M. J. Eisenberg, S. M. Grundy, M. S. Lauer, W. S. Post, P. Raggi, R. F. Redberg, et al. ACCF/AHA 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring By Computed Tomography in Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and in Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography) Developed in Collaboration With the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 23, 2007; 49(3): 378 - 402. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Schmermund, S. Achenbach, T. Budde, Y. Buziashvili, A. Forster, G. Friedrich, M. Henein, G. Kerkhoff, F. Knollmann, V. Kukharchuk, et al. Effect of Intensive Versus Standard Lipid-Lowering Treatment With Atorvastatin on the Progression of Calcified Coronary Atherosclerosis Over 12 Months: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Circulation, January 24, 2006; 113(3): 427 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Cassidy, L. F. Bielak, Y. Zhou, P. F. Sheedy II, S. T. Turner, J. F. Breen, P. A. Araoz, I. J. Kullo, X. Lin, and P. A. Peyser Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis: Does Obesity Make a Difference? Circulation, April 19, 2005; 111(15): 1877 - 1882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Shemesh, N. Koren-Morag, S. Apter, J. Rozenman, B. A. Kirwan, Y. Itzchak, and M. Motro Accelerated Progression of Coronary Calcification: Four-year Follow-up in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Radiology, October 1, 2004; 233(1): 201 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. J. Schoepf, C. R. Becker, B. M. Ohnesorge, and E. K. Yucel CT of Coronary Artery Disease Radiology, July 1, 2004; 232(1): 18 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Abedin, Y. Tintut, and L. L. Demer Vascular Calcification: Mechanisms and Clinical Ramifications Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1161 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Hokanson, T. MacKenzie, G. Kinney, J. K. Snell-Bergeon, D. Dabelea, J. Ehrlich, R. H. Eckel, and M. Rewers Evaluating Changes in Coronary Artery Calcium: An Analytic Method That Accounts for Interscan Variability Am. J. Roentgenol., May 1, 2004; 182(5): 1327 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. Snell-Bergeon, J. E. Hokanson, L. Jensen, T. MacKenzie, G. Kinney, D. Dabelea, R. H. Eckel, J. Ehrlich, S. Garg, and M. Rewers Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes: The importance of glycemic control Diabetes Care, October 1, 2003; 26(10): 2923 - 2928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Grahame-Clarke, N. N. Chan, D. Andrew, G. L. Ridgway, D. J. Betteridge, V. Emery, H. M. Colhoun, and P. Vallance Human Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity Is Associated With Impaired Vascular Function Circulation, August 12, 2003; 108(6): 678 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. S. Maniscalco Shouldering the Risk Burden: Infection, Atherosclerosis, and the Vascular Endothelium Circulation, March 25, 2003; 107 (11): e74 - e74. [Full Text] [PDF]