Radiology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow View responses
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bossuyt, P. M.
Right arrow Articles by de Vet, H. C. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bossuyt, P. M.
Right arrow Articles by de Vet, H. C. W.
(Radiology 2003;226:24-28.)
© RSNA, 2003

Special Reports

Towards Complete and Accurate Reporting of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy: The STARD Initiative1

Patrick M. Bossuyt, Johannes B. Reitsma, David E. Bruns, Constantine A Gatsonis, Paul P. Glasziou, Les M. Irwig, Jeroen G. Lijmer, David Moher, Drummond Rennie and Henrica C. W. de Vet

1 From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., J.B.R. J.G.L.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Mayne Medical School, Herston, Australia (P.P.G.); Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia (L.M.I.); Chalmers Research Group, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M.); Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif, and Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); and Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.). Received and accepted October 8, 2002. Financial support to convene the STARD Group was provided in part by Dutch Health Care Insurance Board, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Research Council’s Health Services Research Collaboration, and Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. Address correspondence to P.M.B. and J.B.R. (e-mail: stard@amc.uva.nl).

OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy and completeness of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy, to allow readers to assess the potential for bias in the study and to evaluate its generalisability.

METHODS: The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) steering group searched the literature to identify publications on the appropriate conduct and reporting of diagnostic studies and extracted potential items into an extensive list. Researchers, editors, and members of professional organisations shortened this list during a two-day consensus meeting with the goal of developing a checklist and a generic flow diagram for studies of diagnostic accuracy.

RESULTS: The search for published guidelines regarding diagnostic research yielded 33 previously published checklists, from which we extracted a list of 75 potential items. At the consensus meeting, participants shortened the list to a 25-item checklist, using evidence, whenever available. A prototypical flow diagram provides information about the method of patient recruitment, the order of test execution and the numbers of patients undergoing the test under evaluation, the reference standard or both.

CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of research depends on complete and accurate reporting. If medical journals adopt the checklist and the flow diagram, the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy should improve to the advantage of the clinicians, researchers, reviewers, journals, and the public.

© RSNA, 2003

Index terms: Radiology and radiologists, research • Special Reports




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 RadiologyHome page
O. Gaemperli, T. Schepis, I. Valenta, P. Koepfli, L. Husmann, H. Scheffel, S. Leschka, F. R. Eberli, T. F. Luscher, H. Alkadhi, et al.
Functionally Relevant Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison of 64-Section CT Angiography with Myocardial Perfusion SPECT
Radiology, June 13, 2008; (2008) 2482071307.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. P. Astin, M. G. Brazzelli, C. M. Fraser, C. E. Counsell, G. Needham, and J. M. Grimshaw
Developing a Sensitive Search Strategy in MEDLINE to Retrieve Studies on Assessment of the Diagnostic Performance of Imaging Techniques
Radiology, May 1, 2008; 247(2): 365 - 373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
B. Sievers, W. G. Rehwald, T. S. E. Albert, M. R. Patel, M. A. Parker, R. J. Kim, and R. M. Judd
Respiratory Motion and Cardiac Arrhythmia Effects on Diagnostic Accuracy of Myocardial Delayed-enhanced MR Imaging in Canines
Radiology, April 1, 2008; 247(1): 106 - 114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
H. D. Sostman, P. D. Stein, A. Gottschalk, F. Matta, R. Hull, and L. Goodman
Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Sensitivity and Specificity of Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy in PIOPED II Study
Radiology, March 1, 2008; 246(3): 941 - 946.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
C. Robinson, S. Halligan, S. A. Taylor, S. Mallett, and D. G. Altman
CT Colonography: A Systematic Review of Standard of Reporting for Studies of Computer-aided Detection
Radiology, February 1, 2008; 246(2): 426 - 433.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. Gutberlet, B. Spors, T. Thoma, H. Bertram, T. Denecke, R. Felix, M. Noutsias, H.-P. Schultheiss, and U. Kuhl
Suspected Chronic Myocarditis at Cardiac MR: Diagnostic Accuracy and Association with Immunohistologically Detected Inflammation and Viral Persistence
Radiology, February 1, 2008; 246(2): 401 - 409.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
F. Pugliese, N. R. Mollet, M. G. M. Hunink, F. Cademartiri, K. Nieman, R. T. van Domburg, W. B. Meijboom, C. Van Mieghem, A. C. Weustink, M. L. Dijkshoorn, et al.
Diagnostic Performance of Coronary CT Angiography by Using Different Generations of Multisection Scanners: Single-Center Experience
Radiology, February 1, 2008; 246(2): 384 - 393.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HeartHome page
G Pundziute, J D Schuijf, J W Jukema, J M van Werkhoven, E Boersma, A de Roos, E E van der Wall, and J J Bax
Gender influence on the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multislice computed tomography coronary angiography for detection of obstructive coronary artery disease
Heart, January 1, 2008; 94(1): 48 - 52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. L. Koelliker, M. A. Chung, M. B. Mainiero, M. M. Steinhoff, and B. Cady
Axillary Lymph Nodes: US-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Initial Staging of Breast Cancer Correlation with Primary Tumor Size
Radiology, December 1, 2007; 246(1): 81 - 89.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
E. E. Pakos, H. D. Koumoulis, A. D. Fotopoulos, and J. P. A. Ioannidis
Osteomyelitis: Antigranulocyte Scintigraphy with 99mTc Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis Meta-Analysis
Radiology, December 1, 2007; 245(3): 732 - 741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
N. H. G. M. Peters, I. H. M. Borel Rinkes, N. P. A. Zuithoff, W. P. T. M. Mali, K. G. M. Moons, and P. H. M. Peeters
Meta-Analysis of MR Imaging in the Diagnosis of Breast Lesions
Radiology, December 1, 2007; 246(1): 116 - 124.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. H. Heijenbrok-Kal, M. C. J. M. Kock, and M. G. M. Hunink
Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Multidetector CT Angiography Meta-Analysis
Radiology, November 1, 2007; 245(2): 433 - 439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
B. N. Bloch, E. Furman-Haran, T. H. Helbich, R. E. Lenkinski, H. Degani, C. Kratzik, M. Susani, A. Haitel, S. Jaromi, L. Ngo, et al.
Prostate Cancer: Accurate Determination of Extracapsular Extension with High-Spatial-Resolution Dynamic Contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR Imaging Initial Results
Radiology, October 1, 2007; 245(1): 176 - 185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. H. Kim, J. M. Lee, H. W. Eun, M. W. Lee, J. K. Han, J. Y. Lee, and B. I. Choi
Two- versus Three-dimensional Colon Evaluation with Recently Developed Virtual Dissection Software for CT Colonography
Radiology, September 1, 2007; 244(3): 852 - 864.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
L. S. Medina and C. C. Blackmore
Evidence-based Radiology: Review and Dissemination
Radiology, August 1, 2007; 244(2): 331 - 336.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
P. K. Vanhoenacker, M. H. Heijenbrok-Kal, R. Van Heste, I. Decramer, L. R. Van Hoe, W. Wijns, and M. G. M. Hunink
Diagnostic Performance of Multidetector CT Angiography for Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease: Meta-analysis
Radiology, August 1, 2007; 244(2): 419 - 428.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
W. Hollingworth and J. G. Jarvik
Technology Assessment in Radiology: Putting the Evidence in Evidence-based Radiology
Radiology, July 1, 2007; 244(1): 31 - 38.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. M. U-King-Im, M. J. Graves, J. J. Cross, N. J. Higgins, J. Wat, R. A. Trivedi, T. Tang, S. P. S. Howarth, P. J. Kirkpatrick, N. M. Antoun, et al.
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: Accuracy of Subjective Visual Impression for Evaluation with Digital Subtraction Angiography and Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography
Radiology, July 1, 2007; 244(1): 213 - 222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
E. J. R. van Beek and D. E. Malone
Evidence-based Practice in Radiology Education: Why and How Should We Teach It?
Radiology, June 1, 2007; 243(3): 633 - 640.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. Halligan and D. G. Altman
Evidence-based Practice in Radiology: Steps 3 and 4--Appraise and Apply Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Radiology, April 1, 2007; 243(1): 13 - 27.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Sports MedHome page
S. J. Warden, Z. S. Kiss, F. A. Malara, A. B. T. Ooi, J. L. Cook, and K. M. Crossley
Comparative Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in Confirming Clinically Diagnosed Patellar Tendinopathy
Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2007; 35(3): 427 - 436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. D. Dodd
Evidence-based Practice in Radiology: Steps 3 and 4--Appraise and Apply Diagnostic Radiology Literature
Radiology, February 1, 2007; 242(2): 342 - 354.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
F. Pilleul, M. Penigaud, L. Milot, J.-C. Saurin, J.-A. Chayvialle, and P.-J. Valette
Possible Small-Bowel Neoplasms: Contrast-enhanced and Water-enhanced Multidetector CT Enteroclysis
Radiology, December 1, 2006; 241(3): 796 - 801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. J. Futterer, S. W. T. P. J. Heijmink, T. W. J. Scheenen, J. Veltman, H. J. Huisman, P. Vos, C. A. H.-V. de Kaa, J. A. Witjes, P. F. M. Krabbe, A. Heerschap, et al.
Prostate Cancer Localization with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging
Radiology, November 1, 2006; 241(2): 449 - 458.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
W. Hollingworth, L.S. Medina, R.E. Lenkinski, D.K. Shibata, B. Bernal, D. Zurakowski, B. Comstock, and J.G. Jarvik
A Systematic Literature Review of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Brain Tumors
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., August 1, 2006; 27(7): 1404 - 1411.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
G. T. Sica
Bias in Research Studies
Radiology, March 1, 2006; 238(3): 780 - 789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. Halligan, D. G. Altman, S. A. Taylor, S. Mallett, J. J. Deeks, C. I. Bartram, and W. Atkin
CT Colonography in the Detection of Colorectal Polyps and Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Proposed Minimum Data Set for Study Level Reporting
Radiology, December 1, 2005; 237(3): 893 - 904.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. Mutze, G. Rademacher, G. Matthes, N. Hosten, and D. Stengel
Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury in Patients with Blunt Multiple Trauma: Diagnostic Accuracy of Duplex Doppler US and Early CT Angiography
Radiology, December 1, 2005; 237(3): 884 - 892.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
S. Bipat, M. S. van Leeuwen, E. F. I. Comans, M. E. J. Pijl, P. M. M. Bossuyt, A. H. Zwinderman, and J. Stoker
Colorectal Liver Metastases: CT, MR Imaging, and PET for Diagnosis--Meta-analysis
Radiology, October 1, 2005; 237(1): 123 - 131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
D. Stengel, K. Bauwens, G. Rademacher, S. Mutze, and A. Ekkernkamp
Association between Compliance with Methodological Standards of Diagnostic Research and Reported Test Accuracy: Meta-Analysis of Focused Assessment of US for Trauma
Radiology, July 1, 2005; 236(1): 102 - 111.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Radiol.Home page
A J Munro
The conventional wisdom and the activities of the middle range
Br. J. Radiol., May 1, 2005; 78(929): 381 - 383.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
N. Smidt, A. W. S. Rutjes, D. A. W. M. van der Windt, R. W. J. G. Ostelo, J. B. Reitsma, P. M. Bossuyt, L. M. Bouter, and H. C. W. de Vet
Quality of Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
Radiology, May 1, 2005; 235(2): 347 - 353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
C. M. Jones and T. Athanasiou
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis Techniques in the Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2005; 79(1): 16 - 20.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. J. Nikken, E. H. G. Oei, A. Z. Ginai, G. P. Krestin, J. A. N. Verhaar, A. B. van Vugt, and M. G. M. Hunink
Acute Wrist Trauma: Value of a Short Dedicated Extremity MR Imaging Examination in Prediction of Need for Treatment
Radiology, January 1, 2005; 234(1): 116 - 124.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
E. H. G. Oei, J. J. Nikken, A. Z. Ginai, G. P. Krestin, J. A. N. Verhaar, A. B. van Vugt, and M. G. M. Hunink
Acute Knee Trauma: Value of a Short Dedicated Extremity MR Imaging Examination for Prediction of Subsequent Treatment
Radiology, January 1, 2005; 234(1): 125 - 133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. J. Nikken, E. H. G. Oei, A. Z. Ginai, G. P. Krestin, J. A. N. Verhaar, A. B. van Vugt, and M. G. M. Hunink
Acute Ankle Trauma: Value of a Short Dedicated Extremity MR Imaging Examination in Prediction of Need for Treatment
Radiology, January 1, 2005; 234(1): 134 - 142.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. E. A. P. M. Adriaensen, M. C. J. M. Kock, T. Stijnen, M. R. H. M. van Sambeek, H. van Urk, P. M. T. Pattynama, and M. G. Myriam Hunink
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Therapeutic Confidence of CT versus Digital Subtraction Angiography and Effects on Additional Imaging Recommendations
Radiology, November 1, 2004; 233(2): 385 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. B. Patwardhan, D. C. McCrory, D. B. Matchar, G. P. Samsa, and O. T. Rutschmann
Alzheimer Disease: Operating Characteristics of PET-- A Meta-Analysis
Radiology, April 1, 2004; 231(1): 73 - 80.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
K. E. Applegate and P. E. Crewson
Statistical Literacy
Radiology, March 1, 2004; 230(3): 613 - 614.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. H. Sunshine and K. E. Applegate
Technology Assessment for Radiologists
Radiology, February 1, 2004; 230(2): 309 - 314.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
H. O. Stolberg
Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Review with Evidence-based Methods
Radiology, September 1, 2003; 228(3): 614 - 616.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
A. V. Proto
Radiology 2003--The Constancy of Change
Radiology, January 1, 2003; 226(1): 1 - 4.
[Full Text] [PDF]

eLetters:

Read all eLetters

The STARD Initiative
Chris I Flowers
Radiology Online, 28 Apr 2003 [Full text]

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
RADIOLOGY RADIOGRAPHICS RSNA JOURNALS ONLINE
Copyright © 2003 by the Radiological Society of North America.