HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2263020151v1 226/3/731    most recent Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Flacke, S. Articles by Lorenz, C. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Flacke, S. Articles by Lorenz, C. H.

Characterization of Viable and Nonviable Myocardium at MR Imaging: Comparison of Gadolinium-based Extracellular and Blood Pool Contrast Materials versus Manganese-based Contrast Materials in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model¹

¹ From the Center for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, Mo (S.F., J.S.A., J.M.C., C.H.L.); and Imaging Division, Mallinckrodt, St Louis, Mo (J.H.W., M.P.P., M.D.A., I.K.A.). Received March 4, 2002; revision requested April 23; final revision received July 31; accepted August 14. S.F. supported by German Research Foundation grant FL-330. Address correspondence to S.F., Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany (e-mail: flacke@uni-bonn.de).

PURPOSE: To determine the contrast agent behavior of gadolinium-based (extracellular and albumin-binding) and manganese-based contrast media for late-enhancement imaging of myocardial infarction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronary ligation was performed in 30 rats, and they were serially imaged with segmented inversion-recovery gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (repetition time msec/echo time msec/inversion time msec [fixed], 5.2/2.5/430; flip angle, 15°) during 1 hour after administration of contrast media by using a 1.5-T MR unit. Serial measurements of the longitudinal relaxation were performed by using the Look-Locker approach (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 1,000/3.5; flip angle, 10°). Detection and size of infarction were evaluated at each time point and compared with end-point histologic findings.

RESULTS: For all manganese-based media, the contrast agent cleared from the blood pool rapidly. Manganese-based contrast media allowed precise labeling of viable cardiomyocytes within 30 minutes, and the labeling persisted for at least 1 hour. Accumulation of gadoversetamide in the infarct area was apparent after 5 minutes, and the peak contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between infarct and myocardium was comparable to the peak CNR of manganese-based contrast agents. Extracellular gadopentetate dimeglumine provided excellent infarct detection but a small imaging window for precise sizing of the infarct if a fixed inversion time of 430 msec was used. Albumin-binding gadolinium-based contrast media provided a longer imaging window, but infarct size was overestimated because of the nonspecific distribution of the unbound gadolinium agent.

CONCLUSION: When extracellular gadolinium-based agents are used for infarct size measurement, imaging parameters and timing are important because the kinetics of both normal and irreversibly injured myocardium must be considered. Manganese-based agents are highly specific and less sensitive to timing for infarct size determination, but further studies are required to determine if they are feasible for human use.

© RSNA, 2003

Index terms: Contrast media, comparative studies • Contrast media, experimental studies • Magnetic resonance (MR), contrast media, 511.121412, 511.121413, 511.12143 • Manganese • Myocardium, infarction, 511.771

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. Ojha, S. Roy, J. Radtke, O. Simonetti, S. Gnyawali, J. L. Zweier, P. Kuppusamy, and C. K. Sen Characterization of the structural and functional changes in the myocardium following focal ischemia-reperfusion injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2435 - H2443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Higuchi, S. G. Nekolla, A. Jankaukas, A. W. Weber, M. C. Huisman, S. Reder, S. I. Ziegler, M. Schwaiger, and F. M. Bengel Characterization of Normal and Infarcted Rat Myocardium Using a Combination of Small-Animal PET and Clinical MRI J. Nucl. Med., February 1, 2007; 48(2): 288 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Huber, S. O. Schoenberg, C. Hayes, B. Spannagl, M. G. Engelmann, W. M. Franz, and M. F. Reiser Phase-Sensitive Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging in the Detection of Myocardial Infarction Radiology, December 1, 2005; 237(3): 854 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Natanzon, A. H. Aletras, L.-Y. Hsu, and A. E. Arai Determining Canine Myocardial Area at Risk with Manganese-enhanced MR Imaging Radiology, September 1, 2005; 236(3): 859 - 866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Krombach, J. G. Pfeffer, S. Kinzel, M. Katoh, R. W. Gunther, and A. Buecker MR-guided Percutaneous Intramyocardial Injection with an MR-compatible Catheter: Feasibility and Changes in T1 Values after Injection of Extracellular Contrast Medium in Pigs Radiology, May 1, 2005; 235(2): 487 - 494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Edelman Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging of the Heart: Overview of the Literature Radiology, September 1, 2004; 232(3): 653 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Yang, S. S. Berr, W. D. Gilson, M.-C. Toufektsian, and B. A. French Simultaneous Evaluation of Infarct Size and Cardiac Function in Intact Mice by Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Contractile Dysfunction in Noninfarcted Regions Early After Myocardial Infarction Circulation, March 9, 2004; 109(9): 1161 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]