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Thoracic Imaging |
1 From the Department of Radiology (S.J.S., T.E.H., A.M.S., G.L.A.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.R.J., D.E.M.); Section of Biostatistics, Cancer Center Statistics Unit (J.A.S.); and Pulmonary Research Center (M.A.C.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Received February 4, 2002; revision requested April 9; revision received June 10; accepted July 25. Supported by the National Cancer Institute CA 79935-01 and the Mayo Foundation. Address correspondence to S.J.S.
PURPOSE: To evaluate a large cohort of patients at high risk for lung cancer by using screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) of the chest.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed with 1,520 individuals aged 50 years or older who had smoked 20 pack-years or more. Participants underwent three annual low-dose CT examinations of the chest and upper abdomen. Characteristics of pulmonary nodules and additional findings were tabulated and analyzed.
RESULTS: Two years after baseline CT scanning, 2,832 uncalcified pulmonary nodules were identified in 1,049 participants (69%). Forty cases of lung cancer were diagnosed: 26 at baseline (prevalence) CT examinations and 10 at subsequent annual (incidence) CT examinations. CT alone depicted 36 cases; sputum cytologic examination alone, two. There were two interval cancers. Cell types were as follows: squamous cell tumor, seven; adenocarcinoma or bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 24; large cell tumor, two; nonsmall cell tumor, three; small cell tumor, four. The mean size of the nonsmall cell cancers detected at CT was 15.0 mm. The stages were as follows: IA, 22; IB, three; IIA, four; IIB, one; IIIA, five; IV, one; limited small cell tumor, four. Twenty-one (60%) of the 35 nonsmall cell cancers detected at CT were stage IA at diagnosis. Six hundred ninety-six additional findings of clinical importance were identified.
CONCLUSION: CT can depict early-stage lung cancers. The rate of benign nodule detection is high.
© RSNA, 2003
Index terms: Cancer screening, 68.321 Lung neoplasms, 68.321 Lung neoplasms, CT, 68.12115 Smoking
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