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Special Topics III: Bias¹

¹ From the Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Radiology/Wb4, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195. Received May 8, 2001; revision requested June 4; revision received June 21; accepted July 9. Address correspondence to the author (e-mail: nobuchow@bio.ri.ccf.org).

Researchers, manuscript reviewers, and journal readers should be aware of the many potential sources of bias in radiologic studies. This article is a review of the common biases that occur in selecting patient and reader samples, choosing and applying a reference standard, performing and interpreting diagnostic examinations, and analyzing diagnostic test results. Potential implications of various biases are discussed, and practical approaches to eliminating or minimizing them are presented.

© RSNA, 2003

Index terms: Statistical analysis

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