HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kruskal, J. B. Articles by Goldberg, S. N. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kruskal, J. B. Articles by Goldberg, S. N.

Hepatic Perfusion Changes in Mice Livers with Developing Colorectal Cancer Metastases¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, West Campus 302B, Boston, MA 02215 (J.B.K., R.A.K., S.N.G.); and Laboratory of Surgical Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass (P.T.). Received February 4, 2003; revision requested April 14; final revision received September 15; accepted October 8. Supported by National Cancer Institute grant R21-CA89634–02. J.B.K. supported by the RSNA R & E Foundation through the RSNA Scholar Award. Address correspondence to J.B.K. (e-mail: jkruskal@bidmc.harvard.edu).

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether intrahepatic flow alterations occur during formation of hepatic colorectal cancer metastases and to identify possible causes of these alterations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intravital imaging of exteriorized livers was performed in 72 live mice. Three groups of mice were studied: a sham-operated control group (n = 24), a group with nonmetastasizing subcutaneous gliomas (n = 24), and a group with developing hepatic CX-1 colon cancer metastases (n = 24). Microvascular flow parameters, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and wall shear stress were directly measured in hepatic sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules at 2-day intervals prior to and during the development of metastases. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used initially to test for overall equality of medians in each data group. Single posttest comparisons of independent samples were performed with the Mann-Whitney test, with an overall statistical significance of .05.

RESULTS: Prior to the development of visible colorectal cancer metastases, significant (P < .05) reductions occurred in sinusoidal and postsinusoidal flow and wall shear rates, coupled with increased leukocyte rolling and adherence. With tumor growth, flow was further compromised in 92% of tumors larger than 0.5 mm in diameter by extrinsic compression of sinusoids and portal venules and narrowing caused by adherent leukocytes.

CONCLUSION: Significant intrahepatic flow alterations occur in mouse livers prior to growth of visible metastases and provide a rational explanation for elevation in the Doppler perfusion index that occurs prior to tumor formation.

© RSNA, 2004

Index terms: Animals • Colon neoplasms, 75.321 • Liver neoplasms, metastases, 761.332 • Ultrasound (US), Doppler studies, 76.12984

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. A. Miles, B. Ganeshan, M. R. Griffiths, R. C. D. Young, and C. R. Chatwin Colorectal Cancer: Texture Analysis of Portal Phase Hepatic CT Images as a Potential Marker of Survival Radiology, February 1, 2009; 250(2): 444 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J H ZHOU, A H LI, L H CAO, H H JIANG, L Z LIU, X Q PEI, and F HAN Haemodynamic parameters of the hepatic artery and vein can detect liver metastases: assessment using contrast-enhanced ultrasound Br. J. Radiol., February 1, 2008; 81(962): 113 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Kruskal, A. Azouz, H. Korideck, M. El-Hallak, S. C. Robson, P. Thomas, and S. N. Goldberg Hepatic Colorectal Cancer Metastases: Imaging Initial Steps of Formation in Mice Radiology, June 1, 2007; 243(3): 703 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Kruskal Can Optical Imaging Assist in Characterization of the Onset of Angiogenesis in Developing Hepatic Metastases in Mice Livers? Radiology, May 1, 2007; 243(2): 307 - 308. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Liu and O. Matsui Changes of Intratumoral Microvessels and Blood Perfusion during Establishment of Hepatic Metastases in Mice Radiology, May 1, 2007; 243(2): 386 - 395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. O. Oktar, C. Yucel, T. Demirogullari, A. Uner, M. Benekli, G. Erbas, and H. Ozdemir Doppler sonographic evaluation of hemodynamic changes in colorectal liver metastases relative to liver size. J. Ultrasound Med., May 1, 2006; 25(5): 575 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C Harvey and M Blomley Imaging investigation of liver haemodynamics in patients at risk for hepatic metastatic disease Br. J. Radiol., February 1, 2005; 78(926): 103 - 104. [Full Text] [PDF]