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Early MR Lymphography with Gadofluorine M in Rabbits¹

¹ From Corporate Research Business Area Diagnostics and Radiopharmaceuticals, MRI and X-Ray Research, Schering, Müllerstrasse 178, D-13342 Berlin, Germany. From the 2002 RSNA scientific assembly. Received August 13, 2002; revision requested October 8; final revision received September 8, 2003; accepted October 14. Address correspondence to B.M. (e-mail: bernd.misselwitz@schering.de).

PURPOSE: To investigate the dose and time dependency of gadofluorine M for lymph node imaging and the detection of lymph node metastases in an animal model and to compare gadofluorine M with Gadomer (both, Schering, Berlin, Germany) for lymph node enhancement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enhancement of popliteal and iliac lymph nodes was studied in VX2 tumor–bearing rabbits before injection and at 5–120 minutes and 24 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mmol gadolinium per kilogram of body weight gadofluorine M (six rabbits) or 0.5 mmol/kg Gadomer (eight rabbits). Effects of treatment and time point at enhancement were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance. Means were separated with all-pairs comparison with Tukey-Kramer adjustment. After 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, lymph nodes were removed, and prepared sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic examination.

RESULTS: MR images in VX2 tumor–bearing rabbits revealed rapid and strong signal intensity increase in the functional lymph node tissue by 15 minutes after intravenous injection of gadofluorine M. Maximum enhancement of 165%–309% was observed 60–90 minutes after injection (enhancement with 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/kg significantly different from that with 0.025 mmol/kg, P .05). Metastatic tissue showed only slight enhancement at early time points, resulting in high-contrast differentiation between functional and metastatic tissue. Intravenous injection of the blood-pool agent Gadomer induced only short and inhomogeneous lymph node enhancement (enhancement significantly lower [P .05] than that with gadofluorine M).

CONCLUSION: Findings in the study showed that gadofluorine M produces rapid lymph node accumulation. Diagnosis of lymph node metastases was shown with intravenous injection of gadofluorine M with a minimum effective diagnostic dose of 0.025 mmol/kg.

© RSNA, 2004

Index terms: Experimental study, 99.12943 • Gadolinium • Lymphatic system, MR, 99.12943 • Magnetic resonance (MR), contrast media, 99.12943

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