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Detection of Single and Multiple Targets in Tissue Phantoms with Fluorescence-enhanced Optical Imaging: Feasibility Study¹

¹ From the Photon Migration Laboratories, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012 (A.G., E.M.S.M.); and Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont (M.J.E., C.Z.). Received October 29, 2003; revision requested January 12, 2004; revision received April 30; accepted May 24. Supported in part by NIH R01 CA67176 and NIH R01 EB002763. Address correspondence to E.M.S.M. (e-mail: eva-m-sevick@tamu.edu).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing single and multiple targets by using fluorescence-enhanced tomography of a breast tissue phantom.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frequency-domain fluorescence measurements were performed in cup-shaped tissue phantoms of clinically relevant size (diameter, 10 cm) in which single or multiple 0.5–1.0-cm³ targets that contained micromolar concentrations of indocyanine green with 1:0 and 100:1 target-to-background (T:B) contrast ratios had been embedded. Rapid acquisition of time-dependent fluorescent light measurements was performed at the phantom surface in response to point illumination of excitation light by using a gain-modulated intensified charge-coupled device detection system. Boundary surface measurements were used to tomographically reconstruct the interior targets located with various experimental conditions.

RESULTS: Single 1.0-cm³ targets located between 1.43 and 2.82 cm deep from the phantom surface at a T:B contrast ratio of 100:1 and three approximately 0.55-cm³ targets located about 1.30 cm deep at a T:B contrast ratio of 1:0 were reconstructed with minimal or no artifacts by using boundary surface fluorescence measurements and an approximate extended Kalman filter algorithm.

CONCLUSION: It is feasible to detect single or multiple fluorescent targets in tissue phantoms of clinically relevant size by using fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography.

Supplemental material: radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/235/1/148/DC1

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