HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2351040094v1 235/1/155    most recent Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Matuszewski, L. Articles by Bremer, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Matuszewski, L. Articles by Bremer, C.

Cell Tagging with Clinically Approved Iron Oxides: Feasibility and Effect of Lipofection, Particle Size, and Surface Coating on Labeling Efficiency¹

¹ From the Departments of Clinical Radiology (L.M., T.P., A.W., W.S., B.T., W.H., C.B.) and Clinical Chemistry (M.F.), University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str 33, D-48129 Muenster, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany (C.P.); Schering, Berlin, Germany (W.E.); and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (C.B.). Received January 26, 2004; revision requested March 11; revision received May 24; accepted June 28. Address correspondence to C.B. (e-mail: bremerc@uni-muenster.de).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of lipofection, particle size, and surface coating on labeling efficiency of mammalian cells with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional Review Board approval was not required. Different human cell lines (lung and breast cancer, fibrosarcoma, leukocytes) were tagged by using carboxydextran-coated SPIOs of various hydrodynamic diameters (17–65 nm) and a dextran-coated iron oxide (150 nm). Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of iron (0.01–1.00 mg of iron [Fe] per milliliter), including or excluding a transfection medium (TM). Cellular iron uptake was analyzed qualitatively at light and electron microscopy and was quantified at atomic emission spectroscopy. Cell visibility was assessed with gradient- and spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Effects of iron concentration in the medium and of lipofection on cellular SPIO uptake were analyzed with analysis of variance and two-tailed Student t test, respectively.

RESULTS: Iron oxide uptake increased in a dose-dependent manner with higher iron concentrations in the medium. The TM significantly increased the iron load of cells (up to 2.6-fold, P < .05). For carboxydextran-coated SPIOs, larger particle size resulted in improved cellular uptake (65 nm, 4.37 µg ± 0.08 Fe per 100 000 cells; 17 nm, 2.14 µg ± 0.06 Fe per 100 000 cells; P < .05). Despite larger particle size, dextran-coated iron oxides did not differ from large carboxydextran-coated particles (150 nm, 3.81 µg ± 0.46 Fe per 100 000 cells; 65 nm, 4.37 µg ± 0.08 Fe per 100 000 cells; P > .05). As few as 10 000 cells could be detected with clinically available MR techniques by using this approach.

CONCLUSION: Lipofection-based cell tagging is a simple method for efficient cell labeling with clinically approved iron oxide–based contrast agents. Large particle size and carboxydextran coating are preferable for cell tagging with endocytosis- and lipofection-based methods.

© RSNA, 2005

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Neri, C. Maderna, C. Cavazzin, V. Deidda-Vigoriti, L. S. Politi, G. Scotti, P. Marzola, A. Sbarbati, A. L. Vescovi, and A. Gritti Efficient In Vitro Labeling of Human Neural Precursor Cells with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles: Relevance for In Vivo Cell Tracking Stem Cells, February 1, 2008; 26(2): 505 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-F. Deux, J. Dai, C. Riviere, F. Gazeau, P. Meric, B. Gillet, J. Roger, J.-N. Pons, D. Letourneur, F. P. Boudghene, et al. Aortic Aneurysms in a Rat Model: In Vivo MR Imaging of Endovascular Cell Therapy Radiology, December 1, 2007; 246(1): 185 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Kuhlpeter, H. Dahnke, L. Matuszewski, T. Persigehl, A. von Wallbrunn, T. Allkemper, W. L. Heindel, T. Schaeffter, and C. Bremer R2 and R2* Mapping for Sensing Cell-bound Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles: In Vitro and Murine in Vivo Testing Radiology, November 1, 2007; 245(2): 449 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. J. Wu, L. L. Muldoon, C. Varallyay, S. Markwardt, R. E. Jones, and E. A. Neuwelt In vivo leukocyte labeling with intravenous ferumoxides/protamine sulfate complex and in vitro characterization for cellular magnetic resonance imaging Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): C1698 - C1708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Lee, S. H. Lee, H. Y. Kang, S. Y. Baek, S. M. Kim, and M. J. Shin Assessment of Musculoskeletal Infection in Rats to Determine Usefulness of SPIO-Enhanced MRI Am. J. Roentgenol., September 1, 2007; 189(3): 542 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Oude Engberink, S. M. A. van der Pol, E. A. Dopp, H. E. de Vries, and E. L. A. Blezer Comparison of SPIO and USPIO for in Vitro Labeling of Human Monocytes: MR Detection and Cell Function Radiology, May 1, 2007; 243(2): 467 - 474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]