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T2-prepared Steady-State Free Precession Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent MR Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion in a Dog Stenosis Model¹

¹ From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (S.M.S., X.B., D.L.), Radiology (S.M.S., D.S.F., B.E.S., X.B., R.A.O., D.L.), and Preventive Medicine (J.H.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. From the 2003 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received February 21, 2004; revision requested April 30; final revision received October 6; accepted October 12. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant no. HL57484 and by Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany. Address correspondence to D.L., 448 E Ontario St, Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60611 (e-mail: d-li2{at}northwestern.edu).

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of a T2-prepared steady-state free precession blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence to depict changes in myocardial perfusion during stress testing in a dog stenosis model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was approved by the institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A hydraulic occluder was placed in the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in 10 dogs. Adenosine was administered intravenously to increase coronary blood flow, and stenosis was achieved in the LCX with the occluder. A T2-prepared two-dimensional steady-state free precession sequence was used for BOLD imaging at a spatial resolution of 1.5 x 1.2 x 5.0 mm³, and first-pass perfusion images were acquired for visual comparison. Microspheres were injected to provide regional perfusion information. Mixed-effect regression analysis was performed to assess normalized MR signal intensity ratios and microsphere-measured perfusion differences. For the same data, 95% prediction intervals were calculated to determine the smallest perfusion change detectable. Means ± standard deviations were calculated for myocardial regional comparison data. A two-tailed Student t test was used to determine if significant differences (P < .01) existed between different myocardial regions.

RESULTS: Under maximal adenosine stress, MR clearly depicted stenotic regions and showed regional signal differences between the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)–fed myocardium and the stenosed LCX-fed myocardium. Visual comparisons with first-pass images were also excellent. Regional MR signal intensity differences between LAD and LCX-fed myocardium (1.24 ± 0.08) were significantly different (P < .01) from differences between LAD and septal-fed myocardium (1.02 ± 0.07), which was in agreement with microsphere-measured flow differences (LAD/LCX, 3.38 ± 0.83; LAD/septal, 1.26 ± 0.49). The linear mixed-effect regression model showed good correlation (R = 0.79) between MR differences and microsphere-measured flow differences.

CONCLUSION: On T2-prepared steady-state free precession BOLD MR images in dogs, signal intensity differences were linearly related to flow differences in myocardium, with a high degree of correlation.

Supplemental material: radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/236/2/503/DC1

© RSNA, 2005