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Thoracic Imaging |
1 From the Departments of Radiology (S.B.F., F.R.K., T.M.G.), Medical Physics (S.B.F., J.H.H., T.M.G.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.F., S.R.P., A.L.W., T.M.G.), Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (M.D.E.), and Pulmonary Function (M.J.O.), University of Wisconsin, J3/110 CSC Medical Physics, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; and GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ (H.F.). Received January 22, 2005; revision requested March 21; revision received June 10; accepted July 1; final version accepted August 24. Supported by National Institutes of Health grant 2P50-HL056396-06, GE Healthcare, and an award to S.B.F from the Sandler Program for Asthma Research. Address correspondence to S.B.F. (e-mail: sfain{at}wisc.edu).
Purpose: To prospectively compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements derived from diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized helium 3 (3He) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with functional and structural findings using spirometric tests and thin-section computed tomography (CT) of the lungs in asymptomatic smokers and healthy nonsmokers of similar age.
Materials and Methods: All studies were HIPAA compliant and were approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained. Ventilation and diffusion-weighted 3He MR images were obtained in healthy subjects: 11 smokers (five women, six men; mean age, 47 years ± 18 [standard deviation]; range, 23–73 years) and eight nonsmokers (<100 cigarettes in lifetime) (four women, four men; mean age, 46 years ± 16; range, 23–69 years). Mean ADC values for smokers and nonsmokers were compared with spirometric values, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), age, and pack-years with Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) and multiple linear regression analysis. Mean ADC value and thin-section CT emphysema index of relative area less than –950 HU (RA950) were compared on a regional basis by using linear mixed-effect models.
Results: Mean ADC values and number of pack-years were significantly correlated (rs = 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 1.00; P = .007); relationship remained significant after adjustment for age (P = .003). DLCO was strongly correlated with pack-years (rs = –0.63; 95% CI: –0.97, –0.29; P = .004). Negative correlations between mean ADC values and percentage predicted DLCO (rs = –0.79; 95% CI: –0.93, –0.64; P < .001) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (rs = –0.72; 95% CI: –0.92, –0.52; P = .001) were statistically significant. Correlations between spirometric values or RA950 and number of pack-years were not significant (.05 level).
Conclusion: Correlations between mean ADC values and pulmonary function test measurements for diagnosing emphysema, especially DLCO, were statistically significant.
© RSNA, 2006
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