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Quantitative MR Imaging in Alzheimer Disease¹

¹ From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, KIP-600-F, 660 First Ave, New York, NY 10016-3240 (A.R., J.H.J., J.A.H.); and Departments of Psychiatry (J.A.H.) and Physiology and Neuroscience (J.H.J., J.A.H.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY. Received April 15, 2005; revision requested June 14; revision received July 25; accepted September 8; final review and update by A.R. April 17, 2006. J.A.H. supported by grants from the Werner Dannheisser Trust and the Institute for the Study of Aging. Address correspondence to A.R. (e-mail: anita.ramani{at}med.nyu.edu).

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. It currently affects approximately 4 million people in the United States. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual deposition of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which is thought to occur decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. Identification of people at risk before the clinical appearance of dementia has become a priority due to the potential benefits of therapeutic intervention. Although atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures has been shown to correlate with progression of AD, a growing number of recent reports have indicated that such atrophy may not be specific to AD. To improve diagnostic specificity, new quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods are being developed that exploit known pathogenic mechanisms exclusive to AD. This article reviews the MR techniques that are currently available for the diagnostic assessment of AD.

© RSNA, 2006

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