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DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2431060088
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(Radiology 2007;243:268-275.)
© RSNA, 2007


Vascular and Interventional Radiology

Pulmonary Radiofrequency Ablation: Long-term Safety and Efficacy in 153 Patients1

Caroline J. Simon, MD, Damian E. Dupuy, MD, Thomas A. DiPetrillo, MD, Howard P. Safran, MD, C. Alexander Grieco, MD, Thomas Ng, MD and William W. Mayo-Smith, MD

1 From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (C.J.S., D.E.D., C.A.G., W.W.M.), Radiation Oncology (T.A.D.), Medical Oncology (H.P.S.), and Thoracic Surgery (T.N.), Brown Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903. Received January 16, 2006; revision requested March 21; revision received May 18; accepted June 8; final version accepted August 3. Address correspondence to D.E.D. (e-mail: ddupuy{at}lifespan.org).

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate long-term survival, local tumor progression, and complication rates for all percutaneous computed tomographic (CT)-guided lung tumor radiofrequency (RF) ablations performed at a tertiary care cancer hospital in patients who refused or who were not candidates for surgery.

Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board; informed consent was waived. Between 1998 and 2005, 153 consecutive patients (mean age, 68.5 years; range, 17–94 years) with 189 primary or metastatic medically inoperable lung cancers underwent percutaneous fluoroscopic CT-guided RF ablation. Clinical outcomes were compiled on the basis of review of medical records, imaging follow-up reports, and any biopsy-proved residual or recurrent disease (when available). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival and disease-free survival (progression) as a function of time since RF ablation. Comparisons between survival functions were performed by using the log-rank statistic; P < .05 was considered to indicate a significant difference.

Results: The overall 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates, respectively, for stage I non–small cell lung cancer were 78%, 57%, 36%, 27%, and 27%; rates for colorectal pulmonary metastasis were 87%, 78%, 57%, 57%, and 57%. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year local tumor progression–free rates, respectively, were 83%, 64%, 57%, 47%, and 47% for tumors 3 cm or smaller and 45%, 25%, 25%, 25%, and 25% for tumors larger than 3 cm. The difference between the survival curves associated with large (>3 cm) and small (≤3 cm) tumors was significant (P < .002). The overall pneumothorax rate was 28.4% (52 of 183 ablation sessions), with a 9.8% (18 of 183 ablation sessions) chest tube insertion rate. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 3.9% (six of 153 patients), with a 2.6% (four of 153 patients) procedure-specific 30-day mortality rate.

Conclusion: Lung RF ablation appears to be safe and linked with promising long-term survival and local tumor progression outcomes, especially given the patient population treated.

© RSNA, 2007




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