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Ischemic Brain Tissue Water Content: CT Monitoring during Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion in Rats¹

¹ From the Departments of Neuroradiology (I.D., R.v.K.) and Neurology (I.D.), Universitaetsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Siemens Medical Engineering Group, Forchheim, Germany (E.K.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany (S.G., M.F.); and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.D.). Received January 24, 2006; revision requested March 23; revision received June 5; accepted June 21; final version accepted September 5. Address correspondence to I.D. (e-mail: imanuel.dzialowski{at}neuro.med.tu-dresden.de).

Purpose: To prospectively perform computed tomography (CT) in rats to determine whether ischemic edema can be reversed by using early arterial reperfusion.

Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the local animal protection committee. A suture model was used to occlude the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. X-ray attenuation of the brain was measured directly before reperfusion and repeatedly during reperfusion for up to 24 hours. Infarct volumes were determined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Means of attenuation and infarct volume were compared between hemispheres and groups with a paired t test and analysis of variance. Mixed linear models were applied to compare attenuation among groups over time.

Results: During MCA occlusion, attenuation decreased to 69.3 HU ± 1.9 (standard deviation) after 1 hour (n = 12), 66.6 HU ± 2.0 after 2 hours (n = 10), 65.4 HU ± 2.9 after 3 hours (n = 11), and 64.1 HU ± 1.8 after 4 hours (n = 9) (P < .0001). After reperfusion, attenuation remained stable in the 1-hour occlusion group (P = .16) but further and steadily declined in the 2-, 3-, and 4-hour occlusion groups (P < .001). Attenuation during reperfusion in the 1-hour occlusion group differed significantly from that in the 2-, 3-, and 4-hour occlusion groups.

Conclusion: CT is able to help monitor ischemic edema after MCA occlusion and reperfusion. Ischemic brain edema was not consistently reversible with reperfusion, even after 1 hour of occlusion, and further increased with reperfusion induced at 2 hours or later.

Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2432060137/DC1

© RSNA, 2007

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