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Prostate Gland: MR Imaging Appearance after Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy with Palladium-Bacteriopheophorbide¹

¹ From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging (M.A.H., A.V.K., A.T.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.E.), and Department of Surgical Oncology (J.T.), Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9; Biophysics and Bioimaging Division, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.R.H.D., R.A.W., M.R.G., A.B., B.C.W.); Divisions of Urology and Surgical Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (J.L.C.); and Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.E.). Received March 2, 2006; revision requested May 3; revision received July 13; accepted August 23; final version accepted December 1. Supported by Steba-Biotech and Negma; the U.S. National Institutes of Health under program project grant CA43892 and the Muzzo Fund; and the Princess Margaret Hospital Foundation. Address correspondence to M.A.H.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the prostate and periprostatic tissues after vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with palladium-bacteriopheophorbide for locally recurrent carcinoma after external beam radiation therapy.

Materials and Methods: Informed consent was obtained from all patients, and approval was obtained from the ethics review boards of all participating institutions. Nonenhanced T2-weighted and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging examinations were performed at baseline and 1 week, 4 weeks, and 6 months after VTP in 25 men (age range, 58–83 years; mean age, 73 years) as part of a prospective phase I/II trial. Percentage of MR-depicted necrosis was defined as the volume of nonenhancing prostatic tissue 1 week after VTP divided by the volume of the prostate. Patterns of intra- and extraprostatic necrosis were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test correlations between necrosis and prostate-specific antigen level.

Results: Contrast material–enhanced T1-weighted MR images obtained 1 week after therapy showed necrosis in all patients. Treatment margins were irregular in 21 of 25 patients. T2-weighted images showed no clear treatment boundaries in any patient. Extraprostatic necrosis involved the puborectalis or levator ani muscles in 22, obturator internus muscle in 12, periprostatic veins in three, pubic bone marrow in four, and anterior rectal wall in nine of the 25 patients. The neurovascular bundle appeared to be spared in all patients. Percentage of MR-depicted intraprostatic necrosis was correlated with percentage decrease in prostate-specific antigen level (from baseline) at 4 weeks (r = 0.41, P = .04) and 12 weeks (r = 0.45, P = .02).

Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging depicts irregular margins of intraprostatic treatment effect. This finding suggests varied tissue sensitivities to VTP with palladium-bacteriopheophorbide.

© RSNA, 2007

Clinical trial registration no. NCT00308919.

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