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Semiautomated Quantification of the Mass and Distribution of Vascular Calcification with Multidetector CT: Method and Evaluation¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, S-072B, Stanford, CA 94305. Received January 8, 2007; revision requested March 1; revision received July 30; accepted August 27; final version accepted September 28. Supported by National Institutes of Health grants 1RO1HL58915 and 1RO1HL67194. Address correspondence to G.D.R. (e-mail: grubin{at}stanford.edu). Received January 8, 2007; revision requested March 1; revision received July 30; accepted August 27; final version accepted September 28. Supported by National Institutes of Health grants 1RO1HL58915 and 1RO1HL67194. Address correspondence to G.D.R. (e-mail: grubin{at}stanford.edu).

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Informed consent was obtained for prospective evaluation in 21 asymptomatic volunteers (10 women, 11 men; mean age, 60 years) but waived for retrospective (10 patients with and five patients without disease) evaluation. Prospective validation was in phantoms. Quantification of mass and calcium distribution was performed with fast semiautomated method, without calibration. For actual versus measured mass in phantoms, R² was 0.98; absolute and percentage errors were 1.2 mg and 9.1%, respectively. In asymptomatic volunteers, mean interscan variability for calcium mass quantification in extracoronary arteries was 24.9 mg; mean was 991 units for Agatston scoring. In coronary arteries, mean variability was 5.5 mg; mean Agatston variability was 27.7 units. At retrospective computed tomography, mean total calcified mass was 321.3 mg. Accurate quantification of mass and distribution of calcification in simulated arteries with this method can be applied in vivo, with low interscan variability.

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