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Tissue-Specific US Contrast Agent for Evaluation of Hepatic and Splenic Parenchyma

¹ Department of Radiology, Division of Ultrasound, Thomas Jefferson University, Suite 763J, Main Bldg, 132 S 10th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107.

View larger version (89K): [in a new window]   Figure 1a. Gel phantom with stationary SHU 563A microbubbles. (a) Initial gray-scale image in the phantom. (b) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission. (c) Gray-scale image obtained after CDI-induced acoustic emission demonstrates a hypoechoic defect (arrows) due to bubble rupture.

View larger version (63K): [in a new window]   Figure 1b. Gel phantom with stationary SHU 563A microbubbles. (a) Initial gray-scale image in the phantom. (b) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission. (c) Gray-scale image obtained after CDI-induced acoustic emission demonstrates a hypoechoic defect (arrows) due to bubble rupture.

View larger version (112K): [in a new window]   Figure 1c. Gel phantom with stationary SHU 563A microbubbles. (a) Initial gray-scale image in the phantom. (b) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission. (c) Gray-scale image obtained after CDI-induced acoustic emission demonstrates a hypoechoic defect (arrows) due to bubble rupture.

View larger version (126K): [in a new window]   Figure 2a. Ex vivo images in rabbit spleen after intravenous injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. (a) Gray-scale image shows uniform echogenicity. (b) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission.

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   Figure 2b. Ex vivo images in rabbit spleen after intravenous injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. (a) Gray-scale image shows uniform echogenicity. (b) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission.

View larger version (94K): [in a new window]   Figure 3a. Images in normal rabbit liver and kidney 75 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. (a) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission signals from within the liver (L), whereas blood flow is seen from within the renal hilum (H). (b) Power Doppler image of the same area as in a. Notice that acoustic emission signals can be differentiated from true blood flow with CDI, whereas power Doppler imaging demonstrates the blood flow and acoustic emission with identical appearances.

View larger version (80K): [in a new window]   Figure 3b. Images in normal rabbit liver and kidney 75 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. (a) Color Doppler image shows acoustic emission signals from within the liver (L), whereas blood flow is seen from within the renal hilum (H). (b) Power Doppler image of the same area as in a. Notice that acoustic emission signals can be differentiated from true blood flow with CDI, whereas power Doppler imaging demonstrates the blood flow and acoustic emission with identical appearances.

View larger version (82K): [in a new window]   Figure 4a. Color Doppler images in rabbit liver approximately 75 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. (a) Limited acoustic emission is seen with a mechanical index of 0.1 because the acoustic power level is insufficient to cause bubble rupture. (b) Increasing the mechanical index to 0.6 results in an acoustic emission, and the associated color display appears.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Figure 4b. Color Doppler images in rabbit liver approximately 75 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. (a) Limited acoustic emission is seen with a mechanical index of 0.1 because the acoustic power level is insufficient to cause bubble rupture. (b) Increasing the mechanical index to 0.6 results in an acoustic emission, and the associated color display appears.

View larger version (96K): [in a new window]   Figure 5a. Color Doppler images show the effects of the transmit focal zone location on acoustic emission in woodchuck liver. (a) With a 12-mm-deep focal zone, acoustic emission signals in the anterior portion of the normal liver parenchyma demarcate the anterior border of a hepatoma (arrowheads). (b) With the color box and focal zone placed deeper (ie, at 20 mm), acoustic emission signals occur in the posterior region of the liver. The posterior border of the tumor (arrowheads) is delineated.

View larger version (92K): [in a new window]   Figure 5b. Color Doppler images show the effects of the transmit focal zone location on acoustic emission in woodchuck liver. (a) With a 12-mm-deep focal zone, acoustic emission signals in the anterior portion of the normal liver parenchyma demarcate the anterior border of a hepatoma (arrowheads). (b) With the color box and focal zone placed deeper (ie, at 20 mm), acoustic emission signals occur in the posterior region of the liver. The posterior border of the tumor (arrowheads) is delineated.

View larger version (129K): [in a new window]   Figure 6a. (a) Delayed color Doppler image obtained after injection of 0.16 mL/kg SHU 563A shows acoustic emission signals from within a woodchuck hepatic tumor. The tumor is surrounded by normal liver tissue eliciting acoustic emission. Additional acoustic emission signals (arrow) are present from within the tumor. While this may represent contrast-enhanced blood flow, (b) pathologic specimen confirms a small amount of normal liver tissue (arrow) within the tumor.

View larger version (131K): [in a new window]   Figure 6b. (a) Delayed color Doppler image obtained after injection of 0.16 mL/kg SHU 563A shows acoustic emission signals from within a woodchuck hepatic tumor. The tumor is surrounded by normal liver tissue eliciting acoustic emission. Additional acoustic emission signals (arrow) are present from within the tumor. While this may represent contrast-enhanced blood flow, (b) pathologic specimen confirms a small amount of normal liver tissue (arrow) within the tumor.

View larger version (152K): [in a new window]   Figure 7a. (a) Color Doppler image of VX-2 liver tumors in a rabbit approximately 20 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. Acoustic emission signals clearly delineate two individual tumors (t) separated by a 1-mm strip of normal liver tissue. (b) Pathologic specimen confirms the two tumors (t).

View larger version (118K): [in a new window]   Figure 7b. (a) Color Doppler image of VX-2 liver tumors in a rabbit approximately 20 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A. Acoustic emission signals clearly delineate two individual tumors (t) separated by a 1-mm strip of normal liver tissue. (b) Pathologic specimen confirms the two tumors (t).

View larger version (148K): [in a new window]   Figure 8a. (a,b) Color Doppler images of VX-2 tumors in a rabbit. (a) Color Doppler image obtained before contrast agent administration suggests a large solitary tumor (T, arrows) with poorly defined margins. (b) Delayed color Doppler image obtained 20 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A shows the original tumor (T), as well as a second unsuspected area (t) that does not contain acoustic emission signals, which indicates the presence of an additional lesion—a small (4 x 3-mm) VX-2 tumor. (c) Pathologic specimen confirms the large tumor (T) and the small tumor (curved arrow) detected only after contrast agent administration. The photograph of the pathologic specimen was rotated 180° to correspond to b.

View larger version (142K): [in a new window]   Figure 8b. (a,b) Color Doppler images of VX-2 tumors in a rabbit. (a) Color Doppler image obtained before contrast agent administration suggests a large solitary tumor (T, arrows) with poorly defined margins. (b) Delayed color Doppler image obtained 20 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A shows the original tumor (T), as well as a second unsuspected area (t) that does not contain acoustic emission signals, which indicates the presence of an additional lesion—a small (4 x 3-mm) VX-2 tumor. (c) Pathologic specimen confirms the large tumor (T) and the small tumor (curved arrow) detected only after contrast agent administration. The photograph of the pathologic specimen was rotated 180° to correspond to b.

View larger version (138K): [in a new window]   Figure 8c. (a,b) Color Doppler images of VX-2 tumors in a rabbit. (a) Color Doppler image obtained before contrast agent administration suggests a large solitary tumor (T, arrows) with poorly defined margins. (b) Delayed color Doppler image obtained 20 minutes after injection of 0.2 mL/kg SHU 563A shows the original tumor (T), as well as a second unsuspected area (t) that does not contain acoustic emission signals, which indicates the presence of an additional lesion—a small (4 x 3-mm) VX-2 tumor. (c) Pathologic specimen confirms the large tumor (T) and the small tumor (curved arrow) detected only after contrast agent administration. The photograph of the pathologic specimen was rotated 180° to correspond to b.