HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Van Hoe, L. Articles by Marchal, G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Van Hoe, L. Articles by Marchal, G.

Breath-hold Contrast-enhanced Three-dimensional MR Angiography of the Abdomen: Time-resolved Imaging versus Single-Phase Imaging¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology (L.V.H., T.D.J., H.B., L.S., D.V., R.O., G.M.) and the Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation (R.F.), University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Received April 15, 1998; revision requested July 1; final revision received April 15, 1999; accepted July 12. Address reprint requests to L.V.H. (e-mail: lieven.vanhoe@hnbe.com).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Diagram shows comparison between high-spatial-resolution single-phase and time-resolved MR angiography techniques used in this study. In single-phase MR angiography, a single 27-second acquisition was performed (4.4/1.4; matrix, 192 x 512). The delay time (time between start of contrast material injection and start of data acquisition) was determined individually by performing a timing sequence. In time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1, matrix, 140 x 256), six independent data sets were obtained consecutively, each within 7 seconds. The delay time was 10 seconds.

View larger version (121K): [in a new window]   Figure 2a. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiographic data (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 21-year-old man. (a) Arterial phase image shows the normal aorta and its branches, as well as initial enhancement of the renal cortices (arrowheads). (b) Venous phase image (calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after that used for a) shows enhancement of renal parenchyma, renal veins (arrows), and suprarenal portion of inferior vena cava (arrowhead).

View larger version (126K): [in a new window]   Figure 2b. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiographic data (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 21-year-old man. (a) Arterial phase image shows the normal aorta and its branches, as well as initial enhancement of the renal cortices (arrowheads). (b) Venous phase image (calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after that used for a) shows enhancement of renal parenchyma, renal veins (arrows), and suprarenal portion of inferior vena cava (arrowhead).

View larger version (150K): [in a new window]   Figure 3a. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiographic data (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 46-year-old woman who underwent pancreatic and renal transplantation. (a) Arterial phase image shows enhancement of the aorta, iliac arteries, transplanted renal artery (arrow), and transplanted splenic artery (arrowheads). (b) Venous phase image (calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after a) shows normal enhancement of transplanted pancreas (small arrows) and kidney (large arrows), as well as enhancement of the transplanted splenic vein (arrowheads).

View larger version (152K): [in a new window]   Figure 3b. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiographic data (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 46-year-old woman who underwent pancreatic and renal transplantation. (a) Arterial phase image shows enhancement of the aorta, iliac arteries, transplanted renal artery (arrow), and transplanted splenic artery (arrowheads). (b) Venous phase image (calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after a) shows normal enhancement of transplanted pancreas (small arrows) and kidney (large arrows), as well as enhancement of the transplanted splenic vein (arrowheads).

View larger version (143K): [in a new window]   Figure 4a. Images in a 54-year-old woman show suboptimal image quality of single-phase MR angiography. (a) Coronal MIP image obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) shows normal renal arteries (arrows). (b) Coronal MIP image obtained with single-phase MR angiography (4.4/1.4; matrix 192 x 512) shows an apparent double right renal artery (arrow). (c) Anteroposterior projection obtained at conventional angiography shows normal renal arteries (arrows). The artifact in b was thought to be caused by respiration. Also note suboptimal vessel contrast enhancement in b, most likely related to suboptimal timing.

View larger version (133K): [in a new window]   Figure 4b. Images in a 54-year-old woman show suboptimal image quality of single-phase MR angiography. (a) Coronal MIP image obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) shows normal renal arteries (arrows). (b) Coronal MIP image obtained with single-phase MR angiography (4.4/1.4; matrix 192 x 512) shows an apparent double right renal artery (arrow). (c) Anteroposterior projection obtained at conventional angiography shows normal renal arteries (arrows). The artifact in b was thought to be caused by respiration. Also note suboptimal vessel contrast enhancement in b, most likely related to suboptimal timing.

View larger version (159K): [in a new window]   Figure 4c. Images in a 54-year-old woman show suboptimal image quality of single-phase MR angiography. (a) Coronal MIP image obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) shows normal renal arteries (arrows). (b) Coronal MIP image obtained with single-phase MR angiography (4.4/1.4; matrix 192 x 512) shows an apparent double right renal artery (arrow). (c) Anteroposterior projection obtained at conventional angiography shows normal renal arteries (arrows). The artifact in b was thought to be caused by respiration. Also note suboptimal vessel contrast enhancement in b, most likely related to suboptimal timing.

View larger version (138K): [in a new window]   Figure 5a. Images in a 53-year-old man. (a) Coronal MIP image obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256), (b) coronal MIP image obtained with single-phase MR angiography (4.4/1.4; matrix, 192 x 512), and (c) anteroposterior projection obtained at conventional angiography show three left renal arteries (arrowheads) and two right renal arteries (arrows). Although all arteries are seen in a and b, the renal arteries in b are slightly less conspicuous due to poor contrast enhancement. In c, the upper left and lower right renal arteries are poorly opacified and thus poorly seen.

View larger version (152K): [in a new window]   Figure 5b. Images in a 53-year-old man. (a) Coronal MIP image obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256), (b) coronal MIP image obtained with single-phase MR angiography (4.4/1.4; matrix, 192 x 512), and (c) anteroposterior projection obtained at conventional angiography show three left renal arteries (arrowheads) and two right renal arteries (arrows). Although all arteries are seen in a and b, the renal arteries in b are slightly less conspicuous due to poor contrast enhancement. In c, the upper left and lower right renal arteries are poorly opacified and thus poorly seen.

View larger version (141K): [in a new window]   Figure 5c. Images in a 53-year-old man. (a) Coronal MIP image obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256), (b) coronal MIP image obtained with single-phase MR angiography (4.4/1.4; matrix, 192 x 512), and (c) anteroposterior projection obtained at conventional angiography show three left renal arteries (arrowheads) and two right renal arteries (arrows). Although all arteries are seen in a and b, the renal arteries in b are slightly less conspicuous due to poor contrast enhancement. In c, the upper left and lower right renal arteries are poorly opacified and thus poorly seen.

View larger version (144K): [in a new window]   Figure 6a. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 55-year-old man with a poorly differentiated adrenal carcinoma invading the suprarenal inferior vena cava. (a) Arterial phase image shows displacement of right renal artery (arrow). (b) Venous phase image calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after the data used for a shows normal enhancement of the right renal vein (large white arrow) and a tumor (arrowheads) in the lumen of the inferior vena cava. Also note the presence of the posterior (black arrow) and anterior (small white arrow) components of a circumaortic left renal vein. S = splenic vein. (c) Coronal MIP image calculated from data obtained 35 seconds after that used for a confirms the presence of a tumor (arrow) in the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava and shows retroperitoneal collateral vessels draining into the azygos vein (arrowheads). S = splenic vein.

View larger version (142K): [in a new window]   Figure 6b. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 55-year-old man with a poorly differentiated adrenal carcinoma invading the suprarenal inferior vena cava. (a) Arterial phase image shows displacement of right renal artery (arrow). (b) Venous phase image calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after the data used for a shows normal enhancement of the right renal vein (large white arrow) and a tumor (arrowheads) in the lumen of the inferior vena cava. Also note the presence of the posterior (black arrow) and anterior (small white arrow) components of a circumaortic left renal vein. S = splenic vein. (c) Coronal MIP image calculated from data obtained 35 seconds after that used for a confirms the presence of a tumor (arrow) in the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava and shows retroperitoneal collateral vessels draining into the azygos vein (arrowheads). S = splenic vein.

View larger version (146K): [in a new window]   Figure 6c. Coronal MIP images obtained with time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) in a 55-year-old man with a poorly differentiated adrenal carcinoma invading the suprarenal inferior vena cava. (a) Arterial phase image shows displacement of right renal artery (arrow). (b) Venous phase image calculated with data obtained 7 seconds after the data used for a shows normal enhancement of the right renal vein (large white arrow) and a tumor (arrowheads) in the lumen of the inferior vena cava. Also note the presence of the posterior (black arrow) and anterior (small white arrow) components of a circumaortic left renal vein. S = splenic vein. (c) Coronal MIP image calculated from data obtained 35 seconds after that used for a confirms the presence of a tumor (arrow) in the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava and shows retroperitoneal collateral vessels draining into the azygos vein (arrowheads). S = splenic vein.

View larger version (194K): [in a new window]   Figure 7a. Images in a 63-year-old man with pancreatic cancer. (a) Transverse T1-weighted turbo fast low-angle shot MR image (7.7/4.2) shows a low-signal-intensity lesion in the head of the pancreas, corresponding to a primary adenocarcinoma (). (b) Coronal MIP image obtained with arterial phase time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) shows narrowing of the gastroduodenal artery (arrow). (c) Coronal MIP image (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) calculated after subtraction of venous phase data from arterial phase data shows narrowing (arrow) of the portosplenic confluence due to invasion by the tumor.

View larger version (179K): [in a new window]   Figure 7b. Images in a 63-year-old man with pancreatic cancer. (a) Transverse T1-weighted turbo fast low-angle shot MR image (7.7/4.2) shows a low-signal-intensity lesion in the head of the pancreas, corresponding to a primary adenocarcinoma (). (b) Coronal MIP image obtained with arterial phase time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) shows narrowing of the gastroduodenal artery (arrow). (c) Coronal MIP image (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) calculated after subtraction of venous phase data from arterial phase data shows narrowing (arrow) of the portosplenic confluence due to invasion by the tumor.

View larger version (171K): [in a new window]   Figure 7c. Images in a 63-year-old man with pancreatic cancer. (a) Transverse T1-weighted turbo fast low-angle shot MR image (7.7/4.2) shows a low-signal-intensity lesion in the head of the pancreas, corresponding to a primary adenocarcinoma (). (b) Coronal MIP image obtained with arterial phase time-resolved MR angiography (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) shows narrowing of the gastroduodenal artery (arrow). (c) Coronal MIP image (3.2/1.1; matrix, 140 x 256) calculated after subtraction of venous phase data from arterial phase data shows narrowing (arrow) of the portosplenic confluence due to invasion by the tumor.