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Radio-frequency Ablation of VX2 Rabbit Tumors: Assessment of Completeness of Treatment by Using Contrast-enhanced Harmonic Power Doppler US¹

¹ From the Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland (T.B.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (A.M., J.R.R., M.F., W.A.K.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G., P.H., M.R.); Research Laboratories, Schering, Berlin, Germany (P.H., M.R.); Berchtold, Tuttlingen, Germany (W.M.); and Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.). Received September 20, 2001; revision requested November 23; revision received February 15, 2002; accepted April 15. Address correspondence to T.B. (e-mail: thomas_boehm@gmx.net).

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Gray-scale coronal US images (upper right and left and lower left images) of four retroperitoneally implanted VX2 tumors clearly show the outer borders (arrows) of the tumors. Necrotic areas (N) are seen in a larger tumor. Contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US image (lower right image) obtained before ablation shows central (arrowhead) and peripheral (arrows) vascularity. Inset diagrams show plane and direction of view of each image.

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Coronal US images of one tumor in a single animal obtained during RF ablation. Contrast-enhanced color Doppler US image (A) and contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US image (B) obtained before ablation show intense central (arrowhead in A) and peripheral (arrows) vascular enhancement. Ablation was initiated immediately after the needle (arrowheads in C) was positioned. Fundamental B-mode US image (D) obtained shortly before the end of RF ablation shows an ill-defined hyperechoic lesion (arrows) obscuring the ablation needle, the ablated tumor, and a wide range of surrounding fatty tissue. Contrast-enhanced color Doppler US image (E) obtained after ablation shows no residual perfusion, and contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US image (F) obtained after ablation shows a small area of residual perfusion (arrow). Ablation in this tumor was later found to be incomplete at histopathologic examination. Inset diagrams show plane and direction of view of each image.