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Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Function with Interactive Real-Time Spiral and Radial MR Imaging¹

¹ From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (E.S., A.H.M., R.W.G., A.B.) and Medical Clinic I (J.S., H.P.K., P.H.), University Hospital, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany; Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany (T.S.); Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.M.B.); and Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands (R.M.B.). Received March 28, 2002; revision requested May 31; final revision received September 27; accepted October 14. Address correspondence to E.S. (e-mail: spuenti@rad.rwth-aachen.de).

View larger version (100K): [in a new window]   Figure 1a. Diastolic and systolic short axis views in the apical, middle, and basal portion of the left ventricle obtained in a 64-year-old man with history of stroke. (a) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). At top middle, endocardial border (arrows) and epicardial border (arrowheads) are depicted at diastole and systole. (b) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). (c) Images obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines).

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Figure 1b. Diastolic and systolic short axis views in the apical, middle, and basal portion of the left ventricle obtained in a 64-year-old man with history of stroke. (a) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). At top middle, endocardial border (arrows) and epicardial border (arrowheads) are depicted at diastole and systole. (b) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). (c) Images obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines).

View larger version (108K): [in a new window]   Figure 1c. Diastolic and systolic short axis views in the apical, middle, and basal portion of the left ventricle obtained in a 64-year-old man with history of stroke. (a) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). At top middle, endocardial border (arrows) and epicardial border (arrowheads) are depicted at diastole and systole. (b) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). (c) Images obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines).

View larger version (114K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Images obtained in a 51-year-old man with coronary artery disease. Motion artifacts in the interactive real-time sequences are almost completely suppressed. Top row: Images obtained at diastole. Bottom row: Images obtained at systole. (a, b) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). (c, d) Images of the middle portion of the left ventricle obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines). (e, f) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). Signal void (arrows) at the epicardial border of the free ventricular wall in the interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence is clearly visible.

View larger version (107K): [in a new window]   Figure 3a. Short-axis view in the apical, middle, and basal portion of the left ventricle obtained in a 71-year-old man. (a) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). (b) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). (c) Images obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines). Respiratory motion artifacts are in this case even more suppressed by using the interactive real-time sequences in b and c than they are by using the standard segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence in a, which was probably due to limited breath-hold capability for the later acquired middle and more basal sections. Note enhanced blurring (arrowheads in b) at the endocardial border with the interactive real-time spiral sequence when compared with the appearance with the interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence, whereas only minor signal void (arrows in b) is observed at the epicardial border with the interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence when findings in the patient in Figure 2 are compared with those in this patient.

View larger version (99K): [in a new window]   Figure 3b. Short-axis view in the apical, middle, and basal portion of the left ventricle obtained in a 71-year-old man. (a) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). (b) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). (c) Images obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines). Respiratory motion artifacts are in this case even more suppressed by using the interactive real-time sequences in b and c than they are by using the standard segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence in a, which was probably due to limited breath-hold capability for the later acquired middle and more basal sections. Note enhanced blurring (arrowheads in b) at the endocardial border with the interactive real-time spiral sequence when compared with the appearance with the interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence, whereas only minor signal void (arrows in b) is observed at the epicardial border with the interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence when findings in the patient in Figure 2 are compared with those in this patient.

View larger version (103K): [in a new window]   Figure 3c. Short-axis view in the apical, middle, and basal portion of the left ventricle obtained in a 71-year-old man. (a) Images obtained with standard breath-hold segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence (3.2/1.6, 20 phases per cardiac cycle). (b) Images obtained with interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence (30/4, 15 frames per second, four spiral interleaves). (c) Images obtained with interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession (2.5/1.2, 15 frames per second, 80 radial k-space lines). Respiratory motion artifacts are in this case even more suppressed by using the interactive real-time sequences in b and c than they are by using the standard segmented k-space steady-state free precession sequence in a, which was probably due to limited breath-hold capability for the later acquired middle and more basal sections. Note enhanced blurring (arrowheads in b) at the endocardial border with the interactive real-time spiral sequence when compared with the appearance with the interactive real-time radial steady-state free precession sequence, whereas only minor signal void (arrows in b) is observed at the epicardial border with the interactive real-time spiral gradient-echo sequence when findings in the patient in Figure 2 are compared with those in this patient.