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Coronary MR Angiography: True FISP Imaging Improved by Prolonging Breath Holds with Preoxygenation in Healthy Volunteers¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology (R.M.M., S.M.S., V.S.D., J.D.G., F.S.P., J.C.C., J.P.F., D.L.) and Biomedical Engineering (S.M.S., V.S.D., J.D.G., D.L.), Northwestern University Medical School, Suite 700, 448 E Ontario St, Chicago, IL 60611. Received August 22, 2001; revision requested October 11; final revision received August 6, 2002; accepted August 20. Supported in part by grant HL 38698 from the National Institutes of Health and by Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany. Address correspondence to D.L. (e-mail: d-li2@northwestern.edu).

View larger version (97K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Example images showing the positions of the diaphragm during a breath-hold period. The images were acquired with a two-dimensional true FISP sequence (3.9/2.0; flip angle, 50°) in a coronal plane. Left: Image from a breath-hold timing series shows the depressed position of the diaphragm (arrow) during suspended inspiration. Right: Another image from the same series at the end of suspended inspiration shows higher position of the diaphragm (arrow), indicating termination of suspended inspiration.

View larger version (114K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Paired room-air and postoxygen images of the left main and left anterior descending coronary arteries in healthy volunteer 5. Left: Room-air image, with voxel size of 2.44 mm3 and acquisition time of 47 seconds, shows the left main and left anterior descending (straight arrow) coronary arteries. Right: Postoxygen image, with voxel size of 0.98 mm3 and acquisition time of 102 seconds, shows improved definition of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (curved arrow) on this higher-spatial-resolution image. Both images are maximum intensity projections of 3D true FISP data sets (3.4/1.3; flip angle, 70°) acquired in a coronal-to-transverse-to-sagittal orientation.

View larger version (111K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Paired room-air and postoxygen images of the right coronary artery in healthy volunteer 5. Left: Room-air image, with voxel size of 4.08 mm3 and acquisition time of 44 seconds, shows the right coronary artery (arrow). Right: Postoxygen image, with voxel size of 2.10 mm3 and acquisition time of 95 seconds, shows improved definition of the right coronary artery on this higher-spatial-resolution image. Both images are maximum intensity projections of 3D true FISP data sets (3.4/1.3; flip angle, 70°) acquired in a coronal-to-transverse-to-sagittal orientation.

View larger version (89K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Paired room-air and postoxygen images of the left main and left anterior descending coronary arteries in healthy volunteer 7. Left: Room-air image, with voxel size of 3.84 mm3 and acquisition time of 38 seconds, shows the left main and left anterior descending (straight arrow) coronary arteries. Right: Postoxygen image, with voxel size of 2.10 mm3 and acquisition time of 69 seconds, shows improved definition of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (curved arrow) on this higher-spatial-resolution image. Both images are maximum intensity projections of 3D true FISP data sets (3.4/1.3; flip angle, 70°) acquired in a transverse-to-coronal-to-sagittal orientation.

View larger version (113K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. Paired room-air and postoxygen images of the right coronary artery in healthy volunteer 7. Left: Room-air image, with voxel size of 4.30 mm3 and acquisition time of 49 seconds, shows the right coronary artery (straight arrow). Right: Postoxygen image, with voxel size of 2.08 mm3 and acquisition time of 105 seconds, shows improved definition of the distal right coronary artery (curved arrow) on this higher-spatial-resolution image. Both images are maximum intensity projections of 3D true FISP data sets (3.4/1.3; flip angle, 70°) acquired in a sagittal-to-coronal-to-transverse orientation.