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Hypothesis Testing III: Counts and Medians¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Ind (K.E.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, 88 E Newton St, Atrium 2, Boston, MA 02118 (R.T.); and Departments of Radiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.Y.). Received October 16, 2002; revision requested February 18, 2003; final revision received March 13; accepted April 1. Address correspondence to R.T. (e-mail: tello@alum.mit.edu).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Mann-Whitney U test result for continuous data (fluorocholine uptake over 5.5 [percentage dose per organ] in human kidneys), P = .06. We retain the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the medians, and we conclude that the fluorocholine renal uptake in men and women is similar at the .05 significance level (the marginal P value suggests a trend toward a significant difference). If we had incorrectly used the t test, we would have concluded the opposite: P = .02.