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Published online before print May 15, 2003, 10.1148/radiol.2281020187

(Radiology 2003;228:85.)

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2003
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Structure and Function of Small Airways in Smokers: Relationship between Air Trapping at CT and Airway Inflammation1

Patrick Berger, MD, PhD, François Laurent, MD, Hugues Begueret, MD, Vincent Perot, MD, Rozen Rouiller, MD, Chantal Raherison, MD, Mathieu Molimard, MD, PhD, Roger Marthan, MD, PhD and J. Manuel Tunon-de-Lara, MD, PhD

1 From the Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire (INSERM E-9937), Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; and Service d’Imagerie Médicale and Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France. Received March 7, 2002; revision requested May 22; final revision received October 30; accepted December 10. Supported by grants from Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) 1997 and Institut Pneumologique d’Aquitaine. Address correspondence to J.M.T.d.L. (e-mail: manuel.tunondelara@u-bordeaux2.fr).



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  		Figure 1. Typical images in a current smoker. A, Expiratory CT scan of the upper lobe delimited according to the contour-tracing algorithm, B, immunohistochemical staining of mast cells in the peripheral bronchi, and C, histologic aspect of type 1 emphysema.

 


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  		Figure 2. Scatterplot shows correlation between tobacco smoking and inflammatory cellular infiltration in the whole bronchial wall. {circ} = data in ex-smokers, {bullet} = data in current smokers, r = Pearson correlation coefficient.

 


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  		Figure 3a. Cell phenotypes detected by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific markers in glycolmethacrylate-embedded specimens. Antibodies are antihuman mast cell tryptase (AA1), antihuman mast cell chymase, antihuman neutrophil elastase (NE), antihuman T lymphocytes (CD3), antihuman monocytes (CD68), and antihuman activated eosinophils (EG2). (a) Box plots represent median with 25% and 75% interquartile ranges; error bars represent 5th and 95th percentiles, and circles represent the minimal and maximal values of cells per square millimeter in the whole tissue section (n = 22). (b) Bar graph shows distribution of each phenotype expressed as a percentage within epithelium (black area), submucosa (white area), and smooth muscle layer (hatched area). The total number of each cell phenotype has been normalized to 100%.

 


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  		Figure 3b. Cell phenotypes detected by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific markers in glycolmethacrylate-embedded specimens. Antibodies are antihuman mast cell tryptase (AA1), antihuman mast cell chymase, antihuman neutrophil elastase (NE), antihuman T lymphocytes (CD3), antihuman monocytes (CD68), and antihuman activated eosinophils (EG2). (a) Box plots represent median with 25% and 75% interquartile ranges; error bars represent 5th and 95th percentiles, and circles represent the minimal and maximal values of cells per square millimeter in the whole tissue section (n = 22). (b) Bar graph shows distribution of each phenotype expressed as a percentage within epithelium (black area), submucosa (white area), and smooth muscle layer (hatched area). The total number of each cell phenotype has been normalized to 100%.

 


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  		Figure 4. Typical transverse CT images obtained in, A, B, a current smoker and, C, D, a nonsmoking control subject at end inspiration (A, C) and end expiration (B, D). Note areas of air trapping at expiratory CT that are more visible in the current smoker.

 


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  		Figure 5a. Graph shows results of regression analysis between inflammatory cell infiltration of the smooth muscle layer and (a) expiratory attenuation or (b) the attenuation difference between inspiratory and expiratory images. A log scale was used for the x axes, since inflammatory cell counts have been log transformed for the regression analyses. ß = regression coefficient, solid line = regression line for chymase-positive mast cells, dotted line = regression line for neutrophils.

 


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  		Figure 5b. Graph shows results of regression analysis between inflammatory cell infiltration of the smooth muscle layer and (a) expiratory attenuation or (b) the attenuation difference between inspiratory and expiratory images. A log scale was used for the x axes, since inflammatory cell counts have been log transformed for the regression analyses. ß = regression coefficient, solid line = regression line for chymase-positive mast cells, dotted line = regression line for neutrophils.

 




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