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Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging of Postoperative Scars and VX2 Carcinoma in Rabbits: Comparison of Macromolecular Contrast Agent and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea (J.W.L., W.K.M., S.J.K., J.H.K., S.H.P., T.J.K., C.J.Y., Y.H.K., K.H.C.); Department of Contrast Media Research, Schering, Berlin, Germany (H.J.W.); Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.Y.C.); and Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea (S.W.H., W.S.K.). From the 1999 RSNA scientific assembly. Received March 13, 2002; revision requested May 22; final revision received January 12, 2003; accepted February 24. Supported by a grant from Schering, Berlin, Germany. Address correspondence to W.K.M. (e-mail: moonwk@radcom.snu.ac.kr).

View larger version (118K): [in a new window]   Figure 1a. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (114K): [in a new window]   Figure 1b. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (132K): [in a new window]   Figure 1c. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (131K): [in a new window]   Figure 1d. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (102K): [in a new window]   Figure 1e. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (95K): [in a new window]   Figure 1f. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (95K): [in a new window]   Figure 1g. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (92K): [in a new window]   Figure 1h. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a postoperative scar that was experimentally induced 1 month previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The postoperative scars (arrows) are more highly enhanced after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine than after injection of SH L 643A.

View larger version (69K): [in a new window]   Figure 2a. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (88K): [in a new window]   Figure 2b. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Figure 2c. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (93K): [in a new window]   Figure 2d. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (96K): [in a new window]   Figure 2e. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (123K): [in a new window]   Figure 2f. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (125K): [in a new window]   Figure 2g. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (133K): [in a new window]   Figure 2h. Transverse contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MR images (450/16) of a VX2 carcinoma that was experimentally induced 3 weeks previously in the right thigh of a rabbit. Images were obtained (a) before and (b) 1, (c) 5, and (d) 30 minutes after injection of SH L 643A and (e) before and (f) 1, (g) 5, and (h) 30 minutes after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. (All images were obtained in the same rabbit; a-d were obtained with the rabbit in one position, and e-h were obtained with the rabbit in another position.) The peripheral portion of the VX2 carcinoma (arrows) is well enhanced with both contrast agents. The degree of enhancement in VX2 carcinoma is similar between the two contrast agents. Compared with images obtained after injection of SH L 643A, images of VX2 carcinomas obtained after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine show early enhancement and washout in the later images.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Graph shows mean enhancement ratio after injection of 0.10 mmol/kg of gadopentetate dimeglumine and after injection of 0.05 mmol/kg of SH L 643A in postoperative scars (n = 22) and VX2 carcinomas (n = 6). Although they show a plateau pattern of enhancement after SH L 643A administration, postoperative scars show a remarkable enhancement and washout pattern after gadopentetate dimeglumine administration. In VX2 carcinomas, a washout pattern is seen after both contrast agent injections. In postoperative scars, the enhancement ratios are significantly lower at all time points with SH L 643A than with gadopentetate dimeglumine (P < .05). = enhancement ratio in VX2 carcinomas after SH L 643A administration, = enhancement ratio in VX2 carcinomas after gadopentetate dimeglumine administration, = enhancement ratio in postoperative scars after SH L 643A administration, = enhancement ratio in postoperative scars after gadopentetate dimeglumine administration. Error bars represent SDs.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Graph shows mean enhancement ratios of postoperative scars after injection of 0.10 mmol/kg of gadopentetate dimeglumine and after injection of 0.05 mmol/kg of SH L 643A for each scar maturation interval. Enhancement ratios of 1-month postoperative scars are significantly higher at all time points with gadopentetate dimeglumine than with SH L 643A (P < .05). The enhancement ratios were consistently higher in 1-month (n = 10) postoperative scars than in 2-month (n = 8) or 3-month (n = 4) postoperative scars after gadopentetate dimeglumine administration but were not significantly higher in 1-month postoperative scars than in 2- or 3-month postoperative scars after SH L 643A administration. = enhancement ratio in 1-month postoperative scars with SH L 643A, = enhancement ratio in 2-month postoperative scars with SH L 643A, x with dotted line = enhancement ratio in 3-month postoperative scars with SH L 643A, = enhancement ratio in 1-month postoperative scars with gadopentetate dimeglumine, = enhancement ratio in 2-month postoperative scars with gadopentetate dimeglumine, x with solid line = enhancement ratio in 3-month postoperative scars with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Error bars represent SDs.

View larger version (106K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. Photomicrograph of a 2-month postoperative scar shows prominent fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. Few blood vessels are seen among the collagen deposits. (Hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification, x200.)

View larger version (157K): [in a new window]   Figure 6. Photomicrograph of a VX2 carcinoma shows abundant blood vessels (arrows) among sheets of tumor cells. (Hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification, x200.)