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Quantitative Analysis of Focal Masses at MR Imaging: A Plea for Standardization¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology (M.E.J.P., J.D., M.N.J.M.W., J.L.B.), Medical Statistics (H.C.v.H.), and Surgery (R.A.E.M.T.), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands. Received February 3, 2003; revision requested April 22; final revision received November 9; accepted November 10. Address correspondence to M.E.J.P. (e-mail: m.e.j.pijl@lumc.nl).

View larger version (118K): [in a new window]   Figure 1a. Transverse respiratory-triggered T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (120-msec effective echo time, 14-msec echo spacing, echo train length of 16) show background noise ROIs in the four locations relative to the liver and abdomen. (a) Oval ROI with long axis along the phase-encoding direction, anterolateral to the right side of the abdomen. (b) Oval ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the right liver lobe. (c) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire liver. (d) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire abdomen.

View larger version (118K): [in a new window]   Figure 1b. Transverse respiratory-triggered T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (120-msec effective echo time, 14-msec echo spacing, echo train length of 16) show background noise ROIs in the four locations relative to the liver and abdomen. (a) Oval ROI with long axis along the phase-encoding direction, anterolateral to the right side of the abdomen. (b) Oval ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the right liver lobe. (c) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire liver. (d) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire abdomen.

View larger version (117K): [in a new window]   Figure 1c. Transverse respiratory-triggered T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (120-msec effective echo time, 14-msec echo spacing, echo train length of 16) show background noise ROIs in the four locations relative to the liver and abdomen. (a) Oval ROI with long axis along the phase-encoding direction, anterolateral to the right side of the abdomen. (b) Oval ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the right liver lobe. (c) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire liver. (d) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire abdomen.

View larger version (117K): [in a new window]   Figure 1d. Transverse respiratory-triggered T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (120-msec effective echo time, 14-msec echo spacing, echo train length of 16) show background noise ROIs in the four locations relative to the liver and abdomen. (a) Oval ROI with long axis along the phase-encoding direction, anterolateral to the right side of the abdomen. (b) Oval ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the right liver lobe. (c) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire liver. (d) Rectangular ROI with long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire abdomen.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Scatterplot of SDNRs calculated with formula 1, (SIL – SIBO)/SDN, and formula 2, (SIL – SIBO)/SIN, shows the scale of SDNRs and the high correlation (Spearman = 0.97) between values calculated with the two formulas. The scatterplot data indicate the possibility of converting formula 1 to formula 2 and vice versa. Note that the agreement between the two sets of values is very good in the lower regions and poorer in the higher regions.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Scatterplot of SDNRs for oval background noise ROIs with the long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the right liver lobe versus SDNRs for rectangular ROIs with the long axis perpendicular to the phase-encoding direction, in front of the entire liver. The scatterplot data indicate the absence of a systematic difference in SDNRs between the two ROIs (ie, equal scales) and a high correlation between the two sets of values (Spearman = 0.98).