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Early Emphysematous Changes in Asymptomatic Smokers: Detection with ³He MR Imaging¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology (S.B.F., F.R.K., T.M.G.), Medical Physics (S.B.F., J.H.H., T.M.G.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.F., S.R.P., A.L.W., T.M.G.), Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (M.D.E.), and Pulmonary Function (M.J.O.), University of Wisconsin, J3/110 CSC Medical Physics, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; and GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ (H.F.). Received January 22, 2005; revision requested March 21; revision received June 10; accepted July 1; final version accepted August 24. Supported by National Institutes of Health grant 2P50-HL056396-06, GE Healthcare, and an award to S.B.F from the Sandler Program for Asthma Research. Address correspondence to S.B.F. (e-mail: sfain{at}wisc.edu).

View larger version (147K): [in a new window]   Figure 1a: Coronal sections from ventilation 3He MR images (6/2.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.0-cm section thickness, 10° flip angle) demonstrate typical defects (arrows) that were classified in each descriptive category in Table 1. (a) Subject 13. No defects in a smoker with 14 pack-years of smoking. (b) Subject 1. Small peripheral defects in a nonsmoker. (c) Subject 19. Large peripheral defects in a smoker with 39 pack-years of smoking.

View larger version (147K): [in a new window]   Figure 1b: Coronal sections from ventilation 3He MR images (6/2.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.0-cm section thickness, 10° flip angle) demonstrate typical defects (arrows) that were classified in each descriptive category in Table 1. (a) Subject 13. No defects in a smoker with 14 pack-years of smoking. (b) Subject 1. Small peripheral defects in a nonsmoker. (c) Subject 19. Large peripheral defects in a smoker with 39 pack-years of smoking.

View larger version (142K): [in a new window]   Figure 1c: Coronal sections from ventilation 3He MR images (6/2.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.0-cm section thickness, 10° flip angle) demonstrate typical defects (arrows) that were classified in each descriptive category in Table 1. (a) Subject 13. No defects in a smoker with 14 pack-years of smoking. (b) Subject 1. Small peripheral defects in a nonsmoker. (c) Subject 19. Large peripheral defects in a smoker with 39 pack-years of smoking.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 2: Whole-lung mean ADC values according to FEV1/FVC ratio and smoking status.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 3: Whole-lung mean ADC values according to DLCO and smoking status.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 4: Whole-lung mean ADC values according to age and smoking status.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 5: Whole-lung mean ADC values according to pack-years of smoking.

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Figure 6a: ADC maps derived from coronal sections acquired with diffusion-weighted 3He MR imaging (8/4.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.5-cm section thickness, 7° flip angle). (a) Subject 1. ADC (0.166 cm2/sec) map in nonsmoker (Table 2) with (b) histogram for the typical section. (c) Subject 14. ADC map (0.268 cm2/sec) in smoker (Table 2) with (d) histogram for the typical section. Whole-lung mean ADC values are reported in Table 2. Graduated color bars represent values in squared millimeters per second.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Figure 6b: ADC maps derived from coronal sections acquired with diffusion-weighted 3He MR imaging (8/4.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.5-cm section thickness, 7° flip angle). (a) Subject 1. ADC (0.166 cm2/sec) map in nonsmoker (Table 2) with (b) histogram for the typical section. (c) Subject 14. ADC map (0.268 cm2/sec) in smoker (Table 2) with (d) histogram for the typical section. Whole-lung mean ADC values are reported in Table 2. Graduated color bars represent values in squared millimeters per second.

View larger version (74K): [in a new window]   Figure 6c: ADC maps derived from coronal sections acquired with diffusion-weighted 3He MR imaging (8/4.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.5-cm section thickness, 7° flip angle). (a) Subject 1. ADC (0.166 cm2/sec) map in nonsmoker (Table 2) with (b) histogram for the typical section. (c) Subject 14. ADC map (0.268 cm2/sec) in smoker (Table 2) with (d) histogram for the typical section. Whole-lung mean ADC values are reported in Table 2. Graduated color bars represent values in squared millimeters per second.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Figure 6d: ADC maps derived from coronal sections acquired with diffusion-weighted 3He MR imaging (8/4.5, 128 x 128 matrix, 1.5-cm section thickness, 7° flip angle). (a) Subject 1. ADC (0.166 cm2/sec) map in nonsmoker (Table 2) with (b) histogram for the typical section. (c) Subject 14. ADC map (0.268 cm2/sec) in smoker (Table 2) with (d) histogram for the typical section. Whole-lung mean ADC values are reported in Table 2. Graduated color bars represent values in squared millimeters per second.