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Published online before print July 20, 2006, 10.1148/radiol.2403051204
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Arterial Wall Imaging: Evaluation with 16-Section Multidetector CT in Blood Vessel Phantoms and ex Vivo Coronary Arteries1

Maros Ferencik, MD, PhD, Raymond C. Chan, PhD2, Stephan Achenbach, MD, Jennifer B. Lisauskas, MS, Stuart L. Houser, MD, Udo Hoffmann, MD, Suhny Abbara, MD, Ricardo C. Cury, MD, Brett E. Bouma, PhD, Guillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD and Thomas J. Brady, MD

1 From the Department of Radiology (M.F., R. C. Chan, J.B.L., U.H., S. Abbara, R. C. Cury, T.J.B.), Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine (R. C. Chan, B.E.B., G.J.T.), and Department of Pathology (S.L.H., G.J.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Medicine II, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (S. Achenbach). Received July 18, 2005; revision requested September 28; revision received October 24; accepted December 2; final version accepted December 15. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health Radiological Science Training grant 5-T32 Ca 09362 E20, the Center for the Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, and the New York Cardiac Center. S. Achenbach supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Address correspondence to M.F. (e-mail: maros_ferencik{at}hms.harvard.edu), R. C. Chan (e-mail: rchan{at}alum.mit.edu).


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1: Gross cross sections of a blood vessel phantom made from polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, with lumen (*) indicated. "Plaque" (arrow) consisted of polyvinyl alcohol gel fragments.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2a: (a) Cross sections of the blood vessel morphologic phantom imaged with multidetector CT (MDCT) and intravascular US (IVUS) and corresponding image from gross section analysis. The lumen of the vessel phantoms is marked (*), and intravascular US catheter is in the lumen (open arrow), also in b. Solid arrow points to the fibrous lesion mounted on the wall of the blood vessel morphologic phantom from outside. (b) Cross section of ex vivo coronary artery imaged with multidetector CT, intravascular US, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). An atherosclerotic plaque (arrowhead), characterized as lipid rich with optical coherence tomography, was noted at all three modalities.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2b: (a) Cross sections of the blood vessel morphologic phantom imaged with multidetector CT (MDCT) and intravascular US (IVUS) and corresponding image from gross section analysis. The lumen of the vessel phantoms is marked (*), and intravascular US catheter is in the lumen (open arrow), also in b. Solid arrow points to the fibrous lesion mounted on the wall of the blood vessel morphologic phantom from outside. (b) Cross section of ex vivo coronary artery imaged with multidetector CT, intravascular US, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). An atherosclerotic plaque (arrowhead), characterized as lipid rich with optical coherence tomography, was noted at all three modalities.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3: A single montage of all 270 20 x 20-pixel images of lesion composition phantom. Lipid core concentration increases from left to right and diameter decreases from top to bottom. Five images for each lipid core size and composition were evaluated.

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4a: (a) Graph shows sensitivity (white bars) and specificity (gray bars) for detection of lipid cores with increasing diameter and all lipid concentrations in lesion composition phantom. (b) Graph shows sensitivity for detection of lipid cores with 1.5-mm or larger diameter as a function of increasing lipid concentration.

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4b: (a) Graph shows sensitivity (white bars) and specificity (gray bars) for detection of lipid cores with increasing diameter and all lipid concentrations in lesion composition phantom. (b) Graph shows sensitivity for detection of lipid cores with 1.5-mm or larger diameter as a function of increasing lipid concentration.

 

Figure 5
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  		Figure 5: Three-dimensional graph displays the dependence of the measured attenuation values on both diameter of lipid cores and their composition in lesion phantom.

 

Figure 6
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  		Figure 6: Correlation plot of wall area measurements in ex vivo coronary arteries from multidetector CT (MDCT) and intravascular US (IVUS).

 

Figure 7
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  		Figure 7a: Histograms of CT attenuation measurements in all pixels within the vessel wall of vessel cross sections from multidetector CT classified with optical coherence tomography as (a) lipid rich, (b) fibrous, and (c) calcified. "Frequency" on the y-axis reflects the fraction of pixels within the vessel wall with a particular CT attenuation value.

 

Figure 7
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  		Figure 7b: Histograms of CT attenuation measurements in all pixels within the vessel wall of vessel cross sections from multidetector CT classified with optical coherence tomography as (a) lipid rich, (b) fibrous, and (c) calcified. "Frequency" on the y-axis reflects the fraction of pixels within the vessel wall with a particular CT attenuation value.

 

Figure 7
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  		Figure 7c: Histograms of CT attenuation measurements in all pixels within the vessel wall of vessel cross sections from multidetector CT classified with optical coherence tomography as (a) lipid rich, (b) fibrous, and (c) calcified. "Frequency" on the y-axis reflects the fraction of pixels within the vessel wall with a particular CT attenuation value.

 




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