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Published online before print September 18, 2006, 10.1148/radiol.2412050701
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Calf Muscles Imaged at BOLD MR: Correlation with TcPO2 and Flowmetry Measurements during Ischemia and Reactive Hyperemia—Initial Experience1

Hans Peter Ledermann, MD, Hanns-Georg Heidecker, MD, Anja-Carina Schulte, PhD, Christoph Thalhammer, MD, Markus Aschwanden, MD, Kurt A. Jaeger, MD, Klaus Scheffler, PhD and Deniz Bilecen, MD, PhD

1 From the Departments of Radiology (H.P.L., H.G.H., K.S., D.B.) and Angiology (C.T., M.A., K.A.J.), University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; and MR- und Biocenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (A.C.S.). From the 2004 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received April 28, 2005; revision requested June 22; revision received September 13; accepted October 13; final version accepted March 1, 2006. Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Project-Nr: SNF: 3200B0-100359 and 3100A0-100633. Address correspondence to D.B. (e-mail: dbilecen{at}uhbs.ch).


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1a: Representative (a) echo-planar image (EPI, obtained at first echo time; 1000/16), (b) corresponding T2* map (repetition time, 1000 msec; echo times, 16, 38, 61, and 83 msec), and (c) T1-weighted anatomic reference image of calf muscle (450/10). Findings on the reference image enable precise localization of the different muscle groups in the calf.

 

Figure 1
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  		Figure 1b: Representative (a) echo-planar image (EPI, obtained at first echo time; 1000/16), (b) corresponding T2* map (repetition time, 1000 msec; echo times, 16, 38, 61, and 83 msec), and (c) T1-weighted anatomic reference image of calf muscle (450/10). Findings on the reference image enable precise localization of the different muscle groups in the calf.

 

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  		Figure 1c: Representative (a) echo-planar image (EPI, obtained at first echo time; 1000/16), (b) corresponding T2* map (repetition time, 1000 msec; echo times, 16, 38, 61, and 83 msec), and (c) T1-weighted anatomic reference image of calf muscle (450/10). Findings on the reference image enable precise localization of the different muscle groups in the calf.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2a: Graphs illustrate comparison of mean values (expressed as percentages of baseline values [set at 100%]) of normalized gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity, LDF, and TcPO2 time courses during 6 minutes of progressive ischemia. (a) Correlation of BOLD signal intensity with LDF measurement. Note accelerated laser Doppler signal loss at onset of ischemia and steady-state value after approximately 90 seconds of ischemia. The correlation coefficient (cc) for the association between BOLD signal intensity and microcirculation at LDF was 0.86. (b) Correlation of BOLD signal intensity decrease with TcPO2 decrease. Note the steady state of TcPO2 values after 2 minutes of ischemia. The correlation coefficient for the association between BOLD signal intensity response and TcPO2 was 0.96. SL = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, SL BASELINE = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during baseline condition. {Delta}S = BOLD signal intensity change during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, {Delta}SBASELINE = BOLD signal intensity change during baseline condition.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2b: Graphs illustrate comparison of mean values (expressed as percentages of baseline values [set at 100%]) of normalized gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity, LDF, and TcPO2 time courses during 6 minutes of progressive ischemia. (a) Correlation of BOLD signal intensity with LDF measurement. Note accelerated laser Doppler signal loss at onset of ischemia and steady-state value after approximately 90 seconds of ischemia. The correlation coefficient (cc) for the association between BOLD signal intensity and microcirculation at LDF was 0.86. (b) Correlation of BOLD signal intensity decrease with TcPO2 decrease. Note the steady state of TcPO2 values after 2 minutes of ischemia. The correlation coefficient for the association between BOLD signal intensity response and TcPO2 was 0.96. SL = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, SL BASELINE = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during baseline condition. {Delta}S = BOLD signal intensity change during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, {Delta}SBASELINE = BOLD signal intensity change during baseline condition.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3a: Graphs illustrate comparison of mean values (expressed as percentages of baseline values [set at 100%]) of normalized gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity, LDF, and TcPO2 values during 6 minutes of reactive hyperemia. (a) Correlation of gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity with LDF measurement reveals a steeper initial laser Doppler value increase and a simultaneous peak approximately 50 seconds after cuff deflation (correlation coefficient, 0.81). (b) Correlation of gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity with TcPO2 measurement reveals a faster BOLD signal intensity increase and a delayed TcPO2 peak after approximately 90 seconds (correlation coefficient, 0.78). SL = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, SL BASELINE = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during baseline condition. {Delta}S = BOLD signal intensity change during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, {Delta}SBASELINE = BOLD signal intensity change during baseline condition.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3b: Graphs illustrate comparison of mean values (expressed as percentages of baseline values [set at 100%]) of normalized gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity, LDF, and TcPO2 values during 6 minutes of reactive hyperemia. (a) Correlation of gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity with LDF measurement reveals a steeper initial laser Doppler value increase and a simultaneous peak approximately 50 seconds after cuff deflation (correlation coefficient, 0.81). (b) Correlation of gastrocnemius BOLD signal intensity with TcPO2 measurement reveals a faster BOLD signal intensity increase and a delayed TcPO2 peak after approximately 90 seconds (correlation coefficient, 0.78). SL = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, SL BASELINE = signal of laser Doppler/TcPO2 during baseline condition. {Delta}S = BOLD signal intensity change during ischemia–reactive hyperemia, {Delta}SBASELINE = BOLD signal intensity change during baseline condition.

 




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