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Human Gray Matter: Feasibility of Single-Slab 3D Double Inversion-Recovery High-Spatial-Resolution MR Imaging¹

¹ From the MS Research Center, Department of Physics and Medical Technology (P.J.W.P., J.P.A.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.B.), VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (J.P.M.); and Center for Neurological Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (C.R.G.G.). Received July 14, 2005; revision requested September 21; revision received November 29; accepted January 10, 2006; final version accepted February 13. P.J.W.P., J.P.A.K., and F.B. supported by the Dutch MS Research Foundation (Stichting MS Research), Voorschoten, the Netherlands. J.P.M. and C.R.G.G. supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS035142). C.R.G.G. supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG3574-A-1). Address correspondence to P.J.W.P. (e-mail: pjw.pouwels{at}vumc.nl).

View larger version (160K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1a: (a–d) Sagittal single-slab 3D DIR MR images of a control subject (repetition time/echo time msec, 6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350; field of view, 230 x 310 mm; matrix, 190 x 256; section thickness, 1.3 mm). Both CSF and WM signals are well suppressed, resulting in clear delineation of GM structures. Note differences in GM signal intensity, which is highest in cingulate cortex (arrow in a), amygdala, and hippocampus (arrow in b) and lowest in cortex along central sulcus (arrowhead in b and c).

View larger version (155K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1b: (a–d) Sagittal single-slab 3D DIR MR images of a control subject (repetition time/echo time msec, 6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350; field of view, 230 x 310 mm; matrix, 190 x 256; section thickness, 1.3 mm). Both CSF and WM signals are well suppressed, resulting in clear delineation of GM structures. Note differences in GM signal intensity, which is highest in cingulate cortex (arrow in a), amygdala, and hippocampus (arrow in b) and lowest in cortex along central sulcus (arrowhead in b and c).

View larger version (145K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1c: (a–d) Sagittal single-slab 3D DIR MR images of a control subject (repetition time/echo time msec, 6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350; field of view, 230 x 310 mm; matrix, 190 x 256; section thickness, 1.3 mm). Both CSF and WM signals are well suppressed, resulting in clear delineation of GM structures. Note differences in GM signal intensity, which is highest in cingulate cortex (arrow in a), amygdala, and hippocampus (arrow in b) and lowest in cortex along central sulcus (arrowhead in b and c).

View larger version (131K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1d: (a–d) Sagittal single-slab 3D DIR MR images of a control subject (repetition time/echo time msec, 6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350; field of view, 230 x 310 mm; matrix, 190 x 256; section thickness, 1.3 mm). Both CSF and WM signals are well suppressed, resulting in clear delineation of GM structures. Note differences in GM signal intensity, which is highest in cingulate cortex (arrow in a), amygdala, and hippocampus (arrow in b) and lowest in cortex along central sulcus (arrowhead in b and c).

View larger version (125K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2a: (a, b) Coronal and (c, d) transverse reconstructed MR images of single-slab 3D DIR MR acquisition in a control subject (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). Because of near-isotropic resolution, image quality is similar in all orientations. Note clear regional variation of GM signal intensity, such as difference between cingulate cortex (arrow) and motor cortex (arrowheads) in c.

View larger version (124K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2b: (a, b) Coronal and (c, d) transverse reconstructed MR images of single-slab 3D DIR MR acquisition in a control subject (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). Because of near-isotropic resolution, image quality is similar in all orientations. Note clear regional variation of GM signal intensity, such as difference between cingulate cortex (arrow) and motor cortex (arrowheads) in c.

View larger version (76K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2c: (a, b) Coronal and (c, d) transverse reconstructed MR images of single-slab 3D DIR MR acquisition in a control subject (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). Because of near-isotropic resolution, image quality is similar in all orientations. Note clear regional variation of GM signal intensity, such as difference between cingulate cortex (arrow) and motor cortex (arrowheads) in c.

View larger version (135K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2d: (a, b) Coronal and (c, d) transverse reconstructed MR images of single-slab 3D DIR MR acquisition in a control subject (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). Because of near-isotropic resolution, image quality is similar in all orientations. Note clear regional variation of GM signal intensity, such as difference between cingulate cortex (arrow) and motor cortex (arrowheads) in c.

View larger version (140K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3a: Single-slab 3D DIR MR images of two patients with MS for clinical illustration (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). (a, b) Sagittal images of a 39-year-old patient show hyperintense lesions in cortex (some indicated with arrowheads), corpus callosum (upper arrow), and brainstem (lower arrow). (c) Coronal and (d) transverse reconstructed images of a 56-year-old patient show predominantly WM lesions (some indicated with arrows). Slightly higher signal intensity of WM with respect to CSF, especially evident in coronal image, is probably a result of increased T1 relaxation times of normal-appearing WM, which led to incomplete WM suppression.

View larger version (65K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3b: Single-slab 3D DIR MR images of two patients with MS for clinical illustration (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). (a, b) Sagittal images of a 39-year-old patient show hyperintense lesions in cortex (some indicated with arrowheads), corpus callosum (upper arrow), and brainstem (lower arrow). (c) Coronal and (d) transverse reconstructed images of a 56-year-old patient show predominantly WM lesions (some indicated with arrows). Slightly higher signal intensity of WM with respect to CSF, especially evident in coronal image, is probably a result of increased T1 relaxation times of normal-appearing WM, which led to incomplete WM suppression.

View larger version (122K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3c: Single-slab 3D DIR MR images of two patients with MS for clinical illustration (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). (a, b) Sagittal images of a 39-year-old patient show hyperintense lesions in cortex (some indicated with arrowheads), corpus callosum (upper arrow), and brainstem (lower arrow). (c) Coronal and (d) transverse reconstructed images of a 56-year-old patient show predominantly WM lesions (some indicated with arrows). Slightly higher signal intensity of WM with respect to CSF, especially evident in coronal image, is probably a result of increased T1 relaxation times of normal-appearing WM, which led to incomplete WM suppression.

View larger version (110K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3d: Single-slab 3D DIR MR images of two patients with MS for clinical illustration (6500/355; TIlong/TIshort, 2350/350). (a, b) Sagittal images of a 39-year-old patient show hyperintense lesions in cortex (some indicated with arrowheads), corpus callosum (upper arrow), and brainstem (lower arrow). (c) Coronal and (d) transverse reconstructed images of a 56-year-old patient show predominantly WM lesions (some indicated with arrows). Slightly higher signal intensity of WM with respect to CSF, especially evident in coronal image, is probably a result of increased T1 relaxation times of normal-appearing WM, which led to incomplete WM suppression.