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Solid Breast Masses: Neural Network Analysis of Vascular Features at Three-dimensional Power Doppler US for Benign or Malignant Classification¹

¹ From the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.F.C.); Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (S.F.H.); Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan (Y.H.L.); Department of Radiology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 27 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea (W.K.M.); and Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan (D.R.C.). Received January 9, 2006; revision requested March 9; revision received April 3; accepted May 9; final version accepted August 1. Address correspondence to W.K.M. (e-mail: moonwk{at}radcom.snu.ac.kr).

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1: Flow diagram of study patients.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2a: Vascular tree construction. (a) A bifurcation (solid circle) is a node that has more than one child node. (b) At each bifurcation, any branch that contains only a single leaf node (dotted line with gray open circle) is considered to be pruned, while one that contains at least one child (solid line with open circle) is preserved (see node z). x = node x, y = node y.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2b: Vascular tree construction. (a) A bifurcation (solid circle) is a node that has more than one child node. (b) At each bifurcation, any branch that contains only a single leaf node (dotted line with gray open circle) is considered to be pruned, while one that contains at least one child (solid line with open circle) is preserved (see node z). x = node x, y = node y.

View larger version (72K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3a: Three-dimensional power Doppler US images of malignant breast lesion. (a) Original data. (b) Original data after 3D thinning. (c) Data after vascular tree construction. In this case, values of six features of tumor vascularity—vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, total vessel length, longest path length, number of bifurcations, and vessel diameter—were 0.0182, 37, 34.325 cm, 17.096 cm, 79, and 0.085 cm, respectively.

View larger version (51K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3b: Three-dimensional power Doppler US images of malignant breast lesion. (a) Original data. (b) Original data after 3D thinning. (c) Data after vascular tree construction. In this case, values of six features of tumor vascularity—vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, total vessel length, longest path length, number of bifurcations, and vessel diameter—were 0.0182, 37, 34.325 cm, 17.096 cm, 79, and 0.085 cm, respectively.

View larger version (55K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3c: Three-dimensional power Doppler US images of malignant breast lesion. (a) Original data. (b) Original data after 3D thinning. (c) Data after vascular tree construction. In this case, values of six features of tumor vascularity—vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, total vessel length, longest path length, number of bifurcations, and vessel diameter—were 0.0182, 37, 34.325 cm, 17.096 cm, 79, and 0.085 cm, respectively.

View larger version (59K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 4a: Three-dimensional power Doppler US images of benign breast lesion. (a) Original data. (b) Original data after 3D thinning. (c) Data after vascular tree construction. In this case, values of six features of tumor vascularity—vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, total vessel length, longest path length, number of bifurcations, and vessel diameter—were 0.0030, 13, 6.193 cm, 1.133 cm, 2, and 0.061 cm, respectively.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 4b: Three-dimensional power Doppler US images of benign breast lesion. (a) Original data. (b) Original data after 3D thinning. (c) Data after vascular tree construction. In this case, values of six features of tumor vascularity—vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, total vessel length, longest path length, number of bifurcations, and vessel diameter—were 0.0030, 13, 6.193 cm, 1.133 cm, 2, and 0.061 cm, respectively.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 4c: Three-dimensional power Doppler US images of benign breast lesion. (a) Original data. (b) Original data after 3D thinning. (c) Data after vascular tree construction. In this case, values of six features of tumor vascularity—vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, total vessel length, longest path length, number of bifurcations, and vessel diameter—were 0.0030, 13, 6.193 cm, 1.133 cm, 2, and 0.061 cm, respectively.

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 5: ROC curves for six features and for multilayer perceptron neural network (All features). Az values of two vessel morphologic features—number of vascular trees (Nv) and total vessel length (L1)—were significantly higher than Az value of vessel amount (P = .04 and P = .03, respectively). Az value for multilayer perceptron neural network with all six features produced in the best performance, with Az value of 0.92. Rv = vessel-to-volume ratio, L2 = longest path length, Bn = number of bifurcations, Dv = vessel diameter.