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Basics of Imaging Informatics: Part 1¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St, PUH Room D-132, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Received February 8, 2006; revision requested April 6; revision received June 6; accepted June 21; final version accepted August 15; Final review and update by the author January 3, 2007. Address correspondence to the author (e-mail: bfb1{at}pitt.edu).

View larger version (5K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1: Diagram of LCD versus CRT monitor technology (silhouettes as seen from above). LCDs are smaller (solid arrows), so they take up less desk space, but LCDs have a more limited viewing angle (dashed arrows). A radiologist who is not directly in front of the center of the LCD screen will experience diminished brightness and contrast and may have difficulty evaluating an image.

View larger version (72K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2a: Demonstration of aspect ratio. Transverse computed tomographic (CT) image obtained through the orbits shown with (a) incorrect and (b) correct aspect ratios. Elongated globes in a might be mistaken for staphylomas. Ensuring proper aspect ratio is an important component of display quality assurance.

View larger version (62K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2b: Demonstration of aspect ratio. Transverse computed tomographic (CT) image obtained through the orbits shown with (a) incorrect and (b) correct aspect ratios. Elongated globes in a might be mistaken for staphylomas. Ensuring proper aspect ratio is an important component of display quality assurance.

View larger version (51K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3: Schematic of a computer network shows various network elements. This is an important troubleshooting tool with which bottlenecks and failure points can be identified.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 4: Screen capture of PACS-integrated speech-recognition system. Maximum efficiency is achieved when all of a radiologist's supporting software is running on the same computer and can act as a single integrated system.

View larger version (83K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 5: Search page from the Medical Imaging Resource Center Web site. Digital teaching files from multiple institutions are available from a single search engine.

View larger version (152K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 6: Computer-aided detection in mammography. Detail from craniocaudal view of right breast, with computer-aided detection overlay. Suspicious regions of the image are highlighted (ovals) for further evaluation by the radiologist.

View larger version (207K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 7a: Dual-energy subtraction radiography. Frontal projections of thorax emphasize (a) bones and (b) soft tissues.

View larger version (158K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 7b: Dual-energy subtraction radiography. Frontal projections of thorax emphasize (a) bones and (b) soft tissues.

View larger version (43K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 8: Preliminary reports integrated with PACS. Short preliminary interpretations (eg, overnight resident interpretations) are placed in left text box and remain closely associated with the images in the PACS. Right text box is used by the final interpreting radiologist to communicate final results and adjudicate preliminary interpretations. A preliminary report generator integral to the PACS allows robust asynchronous communication of results, with the PACS infrastructure used for distribution. Data mining for discordance rates and quality assurance are also possible.