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Figure 3. Graph depicts lung volumes at inspiration and expiration. Line on the left shows lung volume at expiration (A) and inspiration (B), as well as maximum expiration (C) and inspiration (D) during normal quiet respiratory cycles. The line on the right shows that when peripheral small-airways resistance is high (a, b), then residual volume (RV) is increased. This is the air trapping depicted on radiographs of infants with small-airways disease. c = Maximum expiration, d = maximum inspiration, ERV = expiratory reserve volume, IRV = inspiratory reserve volume, TLC = total lung capacity, TV = tidal volume, VC = vital capacity. (Reprinted, with permission, from reference 7.)
