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Pediatric Imaging |
1 From the Departments of Radiology (Ø.E.O., K.R.) and Pathology (H.M.M.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Medical Statistics and Medical Birth Registry of Norway, University of Bergen, Norway (R.T.L.); and International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (R.S.L.). Received June 28, 2001; revision requested August 16; revision received October 1; accepted April 25, 2002. Supported by the Sigrun and Haakon Ødegaard Foundation. Address correspondence to Ø.E.O., Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond St, London WC1N 3JH, England (e-mail: oeol@start.no).
PURPOSE: To determine population-based references for the relationships between the presence of ossification centers and gestational age and skeletal length measurements among infants who die during the perinatal period, as well as to evaluate the possible influence of intrauterine growth restriction on ossification stage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: During an 11-year period, nearly all infants who died perinatally in a well-defined geographic area routinely underwent radiography with a standardized technique. The presence of visible secondary ossification centers in the singletons (n = 495) was evaluated. Cluster analysis was used to identify stages of ossification; a sequential appearance of secondary ossification centers was assumed. Comparisons were made with Wilks 
between male and female infants and between infants who were presumed to have growth restriction and those who were not. Reference ranges for the presence of ossification centers were calculated for interquartile ranges of femur length and gestational age.
RESULTS: Eight clusters of ossification defining different stages of ossification of the pelvis, hindfeet, and knees were identified. The sequential clusters outlined well-defined intervals of femur length and gestational age. Bone lengths, birth weight, and gestational age within ossification clusters did not differ between the sexes (Wilks = 0.989, P = .532) or according to whether growth restriction was presumed to exist (Wilks = 0.958, P = .481).
CONCLUSION: The reference diagrams calculated with this method indicate relationships between ossification sequence and both gestational age and skeletal length measurements.
© RSNA, 2002
Index terms: Bones, growth and development • Fetus, death • Fetus, skeletal system • Radiography, in infants and children, 44.11, 45.11, 46.11
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