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Small-Vessel Diseases of the Lung: CT-Pathologic Correlates¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP, England. Received September 6, 2001; revision requested November 8; revision received January 4, 2002; accepted January 22. Address correspondence to the author (e-mail: d.hansell@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk).

Diseases that primarily affect the small vessels of the lung are difficult to diagnose. Many conditions are characterized by involvement of small pulmonary vessels, and pathologically they can be conveniently divided into occluding and inflammatory types. The former, typified by chronic pulmonary thromboembolism and primary pulmonary hypertension, are relatively cryptic in terms of imaging. In contrast, inflammatory vasculitides, which often cause pulmonary hemorrhage and infarction, result in florid but nonspecific radiographic abnormalities. The spectrum of thin-section computed tomographic abnormalities encountered in the inflammatory vasculitides is wide: For example, in Wegener granulomatosis the pattern ranges from cavitating nodules to lobar consolidation to ground-glass opacity. This review highlights some of the less obvious imaging manifestations of occlusive and inflammatory diseases of the small pulmonary vessels.

© RSNA, 2002

Index terms: Hypertension, pulmonary, 944.723 • Lung, CT, 60.12111, 60.12112, 60.12118 • Lung, hemorrhage, 60.4123 • Lung, vascular disease, 50.781, 50.783, 50.788, 60.622, 60.623, 60.691, 60.692, 60.71 • State of the Art

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