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Bronchial Measurement with Three-dimensional Quantitative Thin-Section CT in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis¹

¹ From the Laboratory of Cellular Respiratory Physiology, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, E 356, F 33076, Bordeaux, France (M.M., P.B., J.M.T.d.L., R.M., F.L.); Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Imaging, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, F 33604, Hôpital Cardiologique, avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France (M.M., A.C., F.L.); and Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France (G.d.D.). Received January 6, 2006; revision requested March 7; revision received March 31; accepted May 3; final version accepted July 5. Supported by grants from Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique in 2002. Address correspondence to F.L. (e-mail: francois.laurent{at}chu-bordeaux.fr).

Purpose: To prospectively compare bronchial measurements obtained with three-dimensional quantitative thin-section computed tomography (CT) with those obtained with thin-section CT scores in the assessment of the severity of pulmonary cystic fibrosis (CF).

Materials and Methods: Ethics committee approval was obtained. Sixteen patients with CF (mean age, 26.6 years; range, 18–42 years) and five healthy volunteers (mean age, 27.4 years; range, 21–44 years) gave written informed consent, underwent multi–detector row CT and a pulmonary function test (PFT), and were divided into three groups: group A, healthy volunteers; group B, patients with mild CF (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV₁] > 80%); and group C, patients with severe CF (FEV₁ < 80%). Two observers obtained thin-section CT scores with eight scoring systems. Bronchial cross-sectional wall area (WA), lumen area (LA), airway area, and wall thickness (WT) were measured with customized software and were normalized on the basis of subject body surface. Morphologic characteristics, PFT results, thin-section CT scores, and quantitative measurements were compared among the three groups with analysis of variance. Correlations among bronchial measurements, PFT results, and CT scores were calculated with the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results: Thin-section CT scores were different between group C and either group A or group B (P < .05). WA and WT were significantly different among all groups (P < .05). Interscore correlations and correlations between bronchial parameters and scores were high (r > 0.89, P < .0001). Scores, WA, and WT were significantly correlated with PFT obstructive indexes (P < .047).

Conclusion: WA and WT assessed with dedicated software on multi–detector row CT images allow evaluation of the severity of pulmonary CF.

© RSNA, 2006