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<![CDATA[[Review for Residents] Radiographic Evaluation of Arthritis: Inflammatory Conditions]]>
http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/short/248/2/378?rss=1
In the presence of joint space narrowing, it is important to differentiate inflammatory from degenerative conditions. Joint inflammation is characterized by bone erosions, osteopenia, soft-tissue swelling, and uniform joint space loss. Inflammation of a single joint should raise concern for infection. Multiple joint inflammation in a proximal distribution in the hands or feet without bone proliferation suggests rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple joint inflammation in a distal distribution in the hands or feet with bone proliferation suggests a seronegative spondyloarthropathy, such as psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis.
]]>2008-07-18info:doi/10.1148/radiol.2482062110Radiological Society of North America22483892008-08-01378Review for Residents<![CDATA[[Review for Residents] Finding Early Invasive Breast Cancers: A Practical Approach]]>
http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/short/248/1/61?rss=1
Detection of early invasive breast cancer is important, as patient survival is high when the cancer is 2 cm or smaller. Invasive breast cancers typically manifest mammographically as focal asymmetries or masses. Strategies for detecting focal asymmetries and masses on screening mammograms include side-by-side comparison, looking for parenchymal contour deformity, close inspection of the retromammary fat, identifying the presence of associated findings, and comparison with prior mammograms. Focal asymmetries are often normal but are concerning when there is distortion of the normal breast architecture. Masses and focal asymmetries are best evaluated in the diagnostic setting by using spot compression and true lateral views and, frequently, ultrasonography. Management of a lesion depends on the worst imaging feature. Indications for an assessment of probably benign findings are very specific but are often misapplied. This review for residents provides a practical approach to the detection and management of breast masses and focal asymmetries.
]]>2008-06-19info:doi/10.1148/radiol.2481060339Radiological Society of North America1248762008-07-0161Review for Residents<![CDATA[[Review for Residents] Multidetector CT Evaluation of Congenital Lung Anomalies]]>
http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/short/247/3/632?rss=1
Congenital lung anomalies vary widely in their clinical manifestation and imaging appearance. Although radiographs play a role in the incidental detection and initial imaging evaluation in patients with clinical suspicion of congenital lung anomalies, cross-sectional imaging such as computer tomography (CT) is frequently required for confirmation of diagnosis, further characterization, and preoperative evaluation in the case of surgical lesions. Recently, with the development and widespread availability of multidetector CT scanners, CT has assumed a greater role in the noninvasive evaluation of congenital lung anomalies. The combination of fast speed, high spatial resolution, and enhanced quality of multiplanar reformation and three-dimensional reconstructions makes multidetector CT an ideal noninvasive method for evaluating congenital lung anomalies. In this article, the authors review the multidetector CT technique for evaluation of congenital lung anomalies. Important clinical aspects, characteristic imaging features, and key points that allow differentiation among various anomalies are highlighted for a variety of common and uncommon conditions.
]]>2008-05-16info:doi/10.1148/radiol.2473062124Radiological Society of North America32476482008-06-01632Review for Residents<![CDATA[[Review for Residents] Simplified Imaging Approach for Evaluation of the Solid Renal Mass in Adults]]>
http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/short/247/2/331?rss=1
Current patterns of imaging utilization lead to frequent serendipitous discovery of renal lesions. Today, the majority of solid renal masses that are ultimately proved to be renal cell carcinomas were incidental findings on imaging studies performed for non–urinary tract symptoms. While earlier discovery has led to treatment of smaller and earlier-stage malignancies, the percentage of benign lesions discovered has also increased. A strategy for characterization of solid masses in adults based on the lesion's growth pattern, the "ball" versus the "bean," is presented. Common and uncommon renal masses, in concert with clinical and other imaging clues, are reviewed within the context of a renal ball or bean.